Newsletters

<p>​Why do watersheds matter when it comes to poor people’s livelihoods, their access to water or their protection from disasters and climate change? People living in watersheds know each other, they know their environment and their income depends on the watersheds.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; 50 development professionals from Latin America and the Caribbean, and from SDC Head Office, comprising five thematic knowledge networks, met for one week in Nicaragua to generate evidence on successful watershed management interventions. <a title="https&#58;//www.shareweb.ch/site/Agriculture-and-Food-Security/news/Documents/2015_12_f2f_nicaragua.pdf Ctrl+Click or tap to follow the link" href="/site/Agriculture-and-Food-Security/news/Documents/2015_12_f2f_nicaragua.pdf" target="_blank" style="color&#58;#666666;font-weight&#58;normal;text-decoration&#58;underline;-ms-word-wrap&#58;break-word;"> Read the 10 key messages at the beginning of the report! They will make a difference in your next project design.</a>&#160;(English)&#160;&gt;&gt; <a href="http&#58;//www.aguaycambioclimatico.info/evento-multiredes-cosude/sintesis-tematica.html" target="_blank" style="color&#58;#666666;font-weight&#58;normal;text-decoration&#58;underline;-ms-word-wrap&#58;break-word;"> Síntesis temàtica </a>(Español)<br>&#160;&#160; </p>

<p>​We are very happy to inform or remind you that SDC together with the Austrian Development Agency (ADA), the Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ) and the Liechtenstein Development Service (LED) has recently launched the Donor Committee for dual Vocational Education and Training (DC dVET). SDC as well as the three other members....&#160; <a href="/site/EI/Pages/News/Newsletter/Spotlights/ei-newsletter-2016-07-spotlight3.aspx" target="_blank" data-cke-saved-href="https&#58;//www.shareweb.ch/site/EI/Pages/News/Newsletter/Spotlights/ei-newsletter-2016-07-spotlight3.aspx"><span style="text-decoration&#58;underline;"><font color="#0066cc">&gt;&gt; more</font></span></a></p>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align&#58;justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height&#58;1.5;font-size&#58;10pt;">The Swiss Federal Institute for Vocational Education and Training SFIVET offers a new programme for international VET decision makers, experts and other interested parties.&#160;The CAS programme will provide participants with a detailed understandingof the Swiss system</span>&#160;of upper-secondary level vocational education and training as well as tertiary level professional education. Participants will bring their country/company-specific questions into the programme and elaborate on solutions for their own country. Read more about the programme <span style="line-height&#58;1.5;font-size&#58;10pt;"><span style="line-height&#58;1.5;font-size&#58;10pt;"><a href="/site/EI/Pages/News/Newsletter/Spotlights/ei-newsletter-2016-09-spotlight3.aspx" style="line-height&#58;1.5;font-size&#58;10pt;" target="_blank">here</a></span>.</span></p></div>

<p><span lang="EN-US">The Swiss Forum for Skills Development and International Cooperation (FoBBIZ) annually awards a price for successful, innovative and sustainable international skills development projects and concepts.</span><span lang="EN-US">Particularly, the FoBBIZ Prize is intended to draw attention to ideas,experiences or outcomes in this field within an international context. The prize is awarded to concepts, projects or developments that can be implemented at different levels (i.e. at the education system level, the institutional level or in teaching-learning processes). Deadline for the submission of registration forms is 31st October. The monetary award for the first and second prize is CHF 5000 respectively CHF 3000. <a href="/site/EI/Pages/News/Newsletter/Spotlights/ei-newsletter-2016-09-spotlight4.aspx" target="_blank">Read more here</a> or visit the FoBBIZ page where you find background information and the registration forms in &#160;<a href="http&#58;//www.fobbiz.ch/fr/prix-fobbiz/" target="_blank">french</a>, <a href="http&#58;//www.fobbiz.ch/de/fobbiz-preis/" target="_blank">german </a>or <a href="http&#58;//www.fobbiz.ch/de/fobbiz-preis/" target="_blank">english</a> (right panel).​</span></p>

<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family&#58;arial, sans-serif;font-size&#58;10pt;"><font color="#000000" style="font-family&#58;arial, sans-serif;font-size&#58;10pt;">Finding relevant documents, project examples and interesting events has now become much easier and faster with the new Smartsearch available on the e+i Shareweb. Discover it&#160;<a href="/site/EI/Pages/News/Newsletter/Spotlights/ei-newsletter-2016-09-spotlight1.aspx" target="_blank" style="font-family&#58;arial, sans-serif;font-size&#58;10pt;">here</a>.</font></span>

In 2017 the Donor Committee for dual Vocational Education and Training (DC dVET) wants amongst others proactively promote the thematic exchange among its members in the countries of Western Balkans, the Republic of Moldova and South Caucasus as well as francophone countries of West Africa. The exchange includes a regional workshop in each of the regions, i.e. on the 27/28 June 2017 in Tirana (Albania) and in late November 2017 in Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso). In addition, the DC dVET is conducting a study in cooperation with Prof. Dr. D. Euler (University of St. Gallen) that reveals the roles and responsibilities of the private sector in dual VET and illustrates concrete experiences of its members in development cooperation. For more information see Information Letter 2017 or the (<a href="https&#58;//www.dcdualvet.org/en/" target="_blank">DC dVET Website</a>).&#160;

<p>The SDC produced five videos which explain on the basis of particular cases how its projects support employment.&#160;Watch all videos in <a href="https&#58;//www.eda.admin.ch/deza/en/home/results-impact/reports-effectiveness-annual/wirkungsberichte.html" style="" target="_blank">English</a>, <a href="https&#58;//www.eda.admin.ch/deza/fr/home/resultats-impact/rapports-efficacite-annuels/wirkungsberichte.html" style="" target="_blank">French</a>, <a href="https&#58;//www.eda.admin.ch/deza/it/home/risultati-effetti/rapporti-efficacia-annuali/wirkungsberichte.html" style="" target="_blank">Italien</a>&#160;or&#160;<a href="https&#58;//www.eda.admin.ch/deza/de/home/resultate_und_wirkung/wirkungs-_und_jahresberichte/wirkungsberichte.html" style="" target="_blank">German</a>.</p> <div style="text-align&#58;justify;"><iframe width="660" height="371" src="https&#58;//www.youtube.com/embed/uhSRtD1x3xU" frameborder="0" id="widget2" style="letter-spacing&#58;0.4px;"></iframe></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>Between Christmas and New Year's Eve we made the online version our introduction &quot;Understanding and analysing VET systems&quot;&#160; - one of our <a href="/site/EI/Pages/VSD/Key%20Documents.aspx" target="_blank">key documents</a> - more user friendly.<br><br>We hope the online version of the introduction meets your learning habits. If not have a look at the videos on YouTube. You will find the links at the end of the chapters. <strong>Check out the online introduction <a href="/site/EI/Pages/VSD/VSD%20Resource%20Box/Core-Elements-Intro.aspx" target="_blank">here</a>.</strong></p></div>

<div>The symposium series Philanthropy in Education&#58; Global Trends, Regional Differences and Diverse Perspectives is a new initiative launched and co-sponsored by NORRAG, the Sheikh Saud bin Saqr Al Qasimi Foundation and the Open Society Foundations. It seeks to facilitate greater understanding and collaboration between philanthropic organizations, national policymakers, representatives of international organizations and academics working in the field of education.</div><div>The series consists of an inaugural symposium (held in Geneva, November 2017), six regional symposia (in Francophone Africa, India, People's Republic of China, North America, Anglophone Africa and Brazil), and a closing symposium (held in Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates, May 2019).&#160;</div><div>In addition to the overall symposium theme, the regional symposia will address topics that are relevant for the specific region. A Call for Papers will be issued a few months before each event in collaboration with the coorganizers and co-sponsors of the regional symposium. <b>The deadline for abstract submissions for the inagural symposium in Geneva is 24 May 2017. </b>Click <a href="http&#58;//www.norrag.org/fileadmin/Newsletters/images/FINALPhilanthropy%20and%20Education_3%20pager_Call%20for%20Papers%20for%20Inaugural%20Symposium.pdf" target="_blank">here</a> for more information.</div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p><span style="font-size&#58;12px;"></span></p><p>The focal point e+i has a special W<span style="color&#58;#3d85c6;"><strong>e+i</strong></span>hnachtszeit treat for you! Every day you get the chance to explore, learn, laugh or just relax until it is Christmas (=We+ihnachten).</p><p>Make sure you don’t miss any stars to be opened and let us know in case you have questions or inputs.</p><p>&gt;&gt; <a href="/site/EI/Pages/Home.aspx" target="_blank">here</a> &lt;&lt;</p><p><span style="color&#58;#3d85c6;">Your e+i focalpoint</span>.</p><p></p></div>

The very first SDC strategy covering both, Basic Education and Vocational Skills Development is launched. Representatives from SDC, SECO, the Swiss civil society and educationalists emphasize the relevance and timeliness of the strategy. &#160;More guidance with regards to SDC program implementation for VSD projects will be given to HQ and Field staff during the e+i network meeting on 4 July. The meeting will be streamed&#160;live (<a href="/site/EI/Pages/Content/Event-Profile-CQ.aspx?Event=2017-05-SDC%20Education-Strategy-Launch" target="_blank">more</a>).

<p>First and foremost, we are proud to present you our brand new <a href="/site/EI/Documents/VSD/Tools/SDC%20VSD%20Project%20typology%20tool%20%20one%202018-10%20(en).pdf" target="_blank"><b>VSD project typology tool</b></a>.&#160;The paper aims to help SDC operations to clearly&#160;define the approach and orientation of their VSD interventions, to select the right partners, and thus to manage their Project (Portfolio) in line with the relevant SDC strategies, the policy goals of partner countries, and professional standards.</p><p>Second, we published our very first quantitative <a href="/site/EI/Documents/To%20SORT/Themes/VSD/SDC%20-%20Report%20-%20Analysis%20of%20the%20SDCs%20VSD%20Portfolio%202016%20-%202017(en).pdf" target="_blank"><b>analysis of the SDC's VSD project portfolio</b></a>. We heavily relied on our portfolio database for that. Thanks a lot to our community for keeping us posted about the projects.</p><p>Third, we invited the authors of the book &quot;Exportartikel Berufsbildung?&quot;&#160;(Export Article VET?)&#160;<span style="letter-spacing&#58;0.4px;">to discuss their work. Over 100 people participated. </span><a href="/site/EI/Documents/News/SDC%20-%20Summary%20of%20discussion%20-%20Book%20launch%20Exportartikel%20Berufsbildung%20-%202017(en).pdf" target="_blank"><b>Read a summary of the event here</b>.</a></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin&#58;0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font face="Calibri" size="3" color="#000000">SDC finances the </font><a target="_blank" href="http&#58;//eye-kosovo.org/"><font face="Calibri" size="3" color="#0563c1">Enhancing Youth Employment (EYE)</font></a><font face="Calibri" size="3" color="#000000">&#160;project in Kosovo with the aim of increasing the employment opportunities for young women and men who graduate from Vocational Education and Training (VET) schools and universities. EYE helps facilitating&#160;their transition from school into the workforce. The project,&#160;implemented by HELVETAS Swiss Intercooperation and MDA, uses a systemic approach to the labour market and works in the VSD and in the PSD domain. The popular Swiss TV news show “10vor10” has recently broadcasted a </font><a target="_blank" href="http&#58;//tp.srgssr.ch/p/portal?urn=urn&#58;srf&#58;ais&#58;video&#58;7d3dc25a-f616-4c92-8ac0-58ac16735641&amp;autoplay=true&amp;legacy=true&amp;width=640&amp;height=360&amp;playerType="><font face="Calibri" size="3" color="#0563c1">5-minutes clip</font></a><font size="3"><font color="#000000"><font face="Calibri">&#160;(in German) about one of the interventions of the project, which collaborates with Kosovar media companies.&#160; <a target="_blank" href="/site/EI/Pages/News/Newsletter/Spotlights/ei-newsletter-2016-12-spotlight1.aspx">&gt;&gt; more</a></font></font></font></p>

<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB">The e-discussion aims at exchanging experiences and good practice examples related to youth work and other approaches in the context of VSD interventions. The event will take place between 19-30 June 2017 on the DGroup platform of the e+i VSD community. We are looking forward to read your thoughts in the following languages&#58; English, French and Spanish. You find everything you need to know <a href="/site/EI/Pages/Content/featured-profile.aspx?item1=eiDiscussions%202017-06" target="_blank">here</a>.&#160;</span></p>

<p></p><span style="font-size&#58;12px;"> <p style="font-size&#58;12px;"></p> <span style="font-size&#58;12px;"> <p>NADELs course programme covers a wide range of&#160;relevant topis for practitioners in the field of e+i. Besides this, the courses are&#160;unique opportunity&#160;to engage with other peers, experts,&#160;policy makers, and in particular with the Swiss development cooperation community. The&#160;course programm,&#160;the registration forms, and more information about the admission requirements are available on<span style="font-size&#58;13.2px;">&#160;NADEL's&#160;</span><a href="http&#58;//www.nadel.ethz.ch/education/individual-courses-for-professionals.html" target="_blank">website​</a>.<span style="font-size&#58;13.2px;">&#160;</span><br></p></span></span><span style="font-size&#58;12px;"><span style="font-size&#58;12px;"> <p>For professionals in the field of VET two&#160;courses are&#160;&#160;especially&#160;​​recommended&#58;</p> <p></p> <ul><li><p><a href="/site/EI/Pages/Events/event-detail.aspx?ItemID=147" target="_blank">M4P – Making Markets Work for the Poor&#160;(27.03. – 31.03.2017​)​</a><br></p></li><li><p><a href="/site/EI/Pages/Events/event-detail.aspx?ItemID=148" target="_blank">VET between Poverty Alleviation and Economic Development&#160;is (24.04. - 28.04.2017)​</a><br></p></li></ul> <p></p> <p> </p> <p>Registration for the spring semester 2017 starts on October 31, and for the autumn semester 2017 it starts on May 29, 2017.<br></p></span> <p style="font-size&#58;12px;"></p></span><p></p>​

Everyone interested in the recent development and the&#160;future of the labour market should check out CEDEFOP's&#160;website 'Skills Panorama'. The heart of the website&#160;is an easy-to-use data navigator which enables you to explore labour market and skills information compiled from various data sources. Besides this, the site lets you&#160;browse through plenty of&#160;occupational profiles and hosts a blog.&#160;Click <a href="http&#58;//skillspanorama.cedefop.europa.eu/en" target="_blank">here</a> to explore it by yourself.<p></p><p><br></p><p><br></p><p></p>

During a ceremony on May 01, 2017 the first two winners of the FoBBIZ prize were announced. Both awarded projects are successful examples for innovative and sustainable&#160;approaches in the development cooperation for vocational skills development. Besides the recognition of their work, the winning projects will&#160;receive 5000 respectively 3000 Swiss francs for further investments.&#160;The five members of the jury stated unanimously that the competition for the prize was strong.&#160;The projects&#160;are&#160;awarded for distinctive qualities. One project is mainly focussed on the specific&#160;needs of professional education in a&#160;regional tourism sector a&#160;certain region, whereas the other project follows a broader approach&#160;to enable&#160;adolescents to live&#160;a&#160;self-reliant life. With its decision to&#160;award to projects with distinct approaches, the jury&#160;​underlines the fact that a careful&#160;situation analysis automatically leads to&#160;different designs of&#160;VSD projects (<a href="/site/EI/Pages/News/Newsletter/Spotlights/ei-newsletter-2017-06-spotlight1.aspx" target="_blank">more</a>).

<div>In this call for proposals all interested parties are invited to submit their presentation on a current topic in VPET, to be given at a congress workshop on Friday 8 June 2018. In general, these workshops will address the issue of how VPET can be made fit for the future in the light of structural change and shifts in values (i.a. digitalisation and pluralisation). The focus will be on the adaptability of training content (curricula), ensuring that the systems continue to equip apprentices appropriately for the labour market. The workshops will also look at instruments and approaches to making the system and its training opportunities more flexible in order to respond to the need for individual educational pathways and to foster lifelong learning in VPET. The workshops will take place on the morning of Friday 8 June and are repeated in the afternoon (10.30–12.30am and 2–4pm). To learn more about the topics, submission deadline et cetera, click&#160;<a href="http&#58;//vpet-congress.ch/call-for-proposals" target="_blank">here</a>.</div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>During June, we invited the members of our&#160;<a href="/site/EI/Pages/eiDiscussions.aspx" target="_blank">VSD DGroup</a> to share their&#160;experiences and good practice examples related to youth-specific approaches in the context of Vocational Skills Development (VSD) interventions.&#160;<span class="ng-binding">Hanjo Schild and Katharina Walker&#160;</span>facilitated the discussion.&#160;</p><p>During two weeks, a lively discussion evolved in which more than 25 peers participated. More than twenty new colleagues subscribed to the VSD DGroup because they had heard of the ongoing discussion elsewhere.&#160;We are more than happy to be part of such a dedicated and helpful community&#58; Thank you! Everything related to the discussion is&#160;<a href="/site/EI/Pages/Content/featured-profile.aspx?item1=eiDiscussions%202017-06" target="_blank">available on the dedicated site</a>.</p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p><br></p><p>It is a highly complex task to design and implement projects in the field of international development cooperation.&#160;This is one of the reasons why everyone who works in the field relies on useful resources and regular exchange with peers. Therefore, the Focal Point offers SDC e+i network members&#160;expert support for up to 8 hours. Learn more about this service&#160;<a data-cke-saved-href="https&#58;//www.shareweb.ch/site/ei/Pages/about/e-i-Expert-support.aspx" href="/site/ei/Pages/about/e-i-Expert-support.aspx" target="_blank">here</a> (we've even produced a short video for you).</p></div>

<font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin&#58;0cm 0cm 0pt;line-height&#58;16.5pt;">The Pôle de Dakar of the International Institute for Educational Planning (IIEP-UNESCO) has launched a web portal for its Platform of Expertise in Vocational Training - Pefop&#58; <a href="http&#58;//www.pefop.iiep.unesco.org/" target="_blank">www.pefop.iiep.unesco.org</a></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin&#58;0cm 0cm 0pt;line-height&#58;16.5pt;">As a&#160;space for information and knowledge exchange, the site is designed for vocational education stakeholders in Africa and offers multiple services, such as discover current developments of the African vocational education sector, access documentary resources dedicated to vocational education, share the tools of vocational education and promote good practices, and many more.</p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font>

<div>The e+i Focal Point has developed five glossaries with key terms for Private Sector Development (PSD), Financial Sector Development (FSD), Systemic Change (MSD/M4P), Vocational Skills Development (VSD) and Monitoring and Results Measurement (MRM).&#160;The documents will help us to understand each other better until we rely completely on intelligent algorithms like the <a href="https&#58;//www.deepl.com/translator" target="_blank">DeepL Translator</a>.<br></div><div>Below we listed some of the highly used terms in the respective fields. Do you have the same understanding of the terms as we do? Feedback is highly appreciated.</div><div> <br> </div><div class="table-responsive"><table class="table ms-rteTable-5" width="100%" cellspacing="0" style="background-color&#58;#ffffff;color&#58;#444444;font-family&#58;arial, helvetica, sans-serif;letter-spacing&#58;0.4px;"><tbody><tr class="ms-rteTableHeaderRow-5"><th class="ms-rteTableHeaderEvenCol-5" rowspan="1" colspan="5" style="padding&#58;7px 5px 6px;border-top-color&#58;#519aa1;width&#58;624px;background-color&#58;#519aa1 !important;"> <strong>​​​​​Do you know what&#160;these terms mean&#160;in&#160;your field?</strong></th> </tr><tr class="ms-rteTableOddRow-5" style="border&#58;1px solid #519aa1;"><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-5" style="border-top-color&#58;#009ac3;padding&#58;7px 5px 6px;width&#58;156px;"> <strong>​</strong><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size&#58;11pt;font-family&#58;calibri, sans-serif;"><strong>Local Ec​​​onomic Development</strong></span></td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-5" style="border-top-color&#58;#009ac3;padding&#58;7px 5px 6px;width&#58;156px;"> <strong>​</strong><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size&#58;11pt;font-family&#58;calibri, sans-serif;"><strong>Green Growth</strong></span></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-5" style="border-top-color&#58;#009ac3;padding&#58;7px 5px 6px;width&#58;156px;"> <strong>​</strong><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size&#58;11pt;font-family&#58;calibri, sans-serif;"><strong>Institutions</strong></span></td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-5" style="border-top-color&#58;#009ac3;padding&#58;7px 5px 6px;width&#58;156px;"> <strong>​</strong><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size&#58;11pt;font-family&#58;calibri, sans-serif;"><strong>Blended Finance</strong></span></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-5" style="border-top-color&#58;#009ac3;padding&#58;7px 5px 6px;">​​<strong>Dual VET​</strong></td></tr><tr class="ms-rteTableEvenRow-5" style="border&#58;1px solid #519aa1;"><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-5" style="border-top-color&#58;#009ac3;padding&#58;7px 5px 6px;">​See the&#160;<a href="/site/EI/Documents/PSD/Tools/Resource_Box/SDC%20-%20Glossary%20-%20PSD%20Terminologies%20-%202017-04.pdf" target="_blank">PSD glossary</a>.</td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-5" style="border-top-color&#58;#009ac3;padding&#58;7px 5px 6px;">​<span style="letter-spacing&#58;0.4px;">​See the&#160;<a href="/site/EI/Documents/HowTo/M4P-MSD/SDC%20-%20Glossary%20-%20Systemic%20Change%20(MSD,%20M4P)%20Terminologies%20-%202017-04.pdf" target="_blank">MSD glossary</a>.</span></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-5" style="border-top-color&#58;#009ac3;padding&#58;7px 5px 6px;">​<span style="letter-spacing&#58;0.4px;">​See the&#160;<a href="/site/EI/Documents/HowTo/Result%20Measurement/SDC%20-%20Glossary%20-%20Result%20Measurement%20-%20Terminologies%20-%202017-04.pdf" target="_blank">MRM glossary</a>​.</span></td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-5" style="border-top-color&#58;#009ac3;padding&#58;7px 5px 6px;">​<span style="letter-spacing&#58;0.4px;">​See the&#160;<a href="/site/EI/Documents/FSD/Tools/SDC%20-%20Glossary%20-%20FSD%20Terminologies%20-%202017-04.pdf" target="_blank">FSD glossary</a>.</span></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-5" colspan="1" style="border-top-color&#58;#009ac3;padding&#58;7px 5px 6px;">​<span style="letter-spacing&#58;0.4px;">​See the&#160;<a href="/site/EI/Documents/VSD/Tools/SDC%20-%20Glossary%20-%20VSD%20Terminologies%20-%202017-04.pdf" target="_blank">VSD glossary</a>.</span></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <br> <br> <br><br>

<p>From 6 to 8 June 2018, the 3rd International Congress on Vocational and Professional Education and Training will be held in Winterthur, Switzerland, under the motto Skills for Employability and Careers. The main focus will be on the individual and career opportunities provided by VPET. If you would like to attend the congress, you can register <a href="http&#58;//vpet-congress.ch/en" target="_blank">here</a>.<br></p><p><b style="letter-spacing&#58;0.4px;">In the run up to the congress</b><b>, on June 6, the SDC holds its biennial international VSD event. </b>The event is a great possibility to learn more about the SDC's VSD strategy and its projects. In addition to the key notes and visits of companies that provide VET, you will also have plenty of timee to network with colleagues form all over the world. More than 70 experts, implementers, SDC staffers and ministers from 30 different countries participated in the last event. Invites will be sent out soon.</p>

From 6 to 8 June 2018, the 3rd International Congress on Vocational and Professional Education and Training will be held in Winterthur, Switzerland, under the motto Skills for Employability and Careers. The main focus will be on the individual and career opportunities provided by VPET. If you would like to attend the congress, you can register&#160;<a href="http&#58;//vpet-congress.ch/en" style="" target="_blank">here</a>.

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>SDC new Education strategy covering both basic education (BE) and vocational skills development (VSD) was approved by the SDC directorate in mid-February 2017. As mentioned in the Dispatch for international cooperation for 2017 to 2020, approved by the Swiss parliament, the engagement &#160;in education (BE &amp; VSD) will increase by 50% in comparison to the previous period (2013-2016). The Strategy provides orientation for its engagement in transition, development and humanitarian contexts. SDC’s Education Strategy develops how basic education and vocational skills development are interrelated and mutually reinforcing, without losing sight of the interconnection of VSD with labor market integration and economic development. It provides a modular framework allowing for adapted responses to partner countries contexts, needs and priorities. It contains 6 strategic orientations on 1) education systems governance, 2) quality and relevance, 3) inclusion and equity, 4) transition to work, 5) sustainability, cohesion and resilience and 6) &#160;global and regional agenda.</p><p><strong>On &#160;May 31, 2017 the SDC Education Strategy will officially be launched in Bern.</strong> At the launching event the State Secretariat for Economic Affairs SECO will also present their new position paper on Skills Development in Economic Development Cooperation. Please save the date, more information coming soon!</p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><div>For over 20 years, the NADEL Center for Development and Cooperation at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich) has been offering specialized courses to professionals working in NGOs, bilateral organizations, international organizations, foundations, and the private sector.&#160;<span style="letter-spacing&#58;0.4px;">Further details about the program can be found&#160;</span> <a href="http&#58;//www.nadel.ethz.ch/education/individual-courses-for-professionals.html" style="background-color&#58;#ffffff;letter-spacing&#58;0.4px;" target="_blank">here</a><span style="letter-spacing&#58;0.4px;">.</span></div><p><br></p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="line-height&#58;107%;">O</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="line-height&#58;107%;">ur brand new tool allows you to share your news and documents within seconds with the whole e+i community. No matter if you want to announce a job opening, a call for tenders or the start of a new project&#58; it will just take few clicks to publish it on our Shareweb.&#160;</span>Go directly to the <a href="/site/EI/memberarea/Pages/share-your-knowledge.aspx" target="_blank">tool&#160;</a>or a look a the tutorial below&#58;</p><div class="container" id="Ppt-Iframe_container" style="text-align&#58;center;"><iframe align="middle" class="ppt_iframe class=" src="/site/EI/_layouts/15/WopiFrame.aspx?sourcedoc=/site/EI/Style%20Library/js/angular/AdventCalendar/Share%20your%20knowledge.pptx&amp;action=embedview&amp;wdAr=1.3333333333333333" width="660px" height="495px" frameborder="0">This is an embedded &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;a target=&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;_blank&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39; href=&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;http&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#58;//office.com&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;Microsoft Office&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;/a&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt; presentation, powered by &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;a target=&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;_blank&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39; href=&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;http&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#58;//office.com/webapps&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;Office Web Apps&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;/a&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;.</iframe>&#160;</div></div>

<p>From the 29.11.2017 until the 1st of December 2017, the Donor Committee for dual Vocational Education (DCdVET) organized its second regional VSD workshop in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso – this time with focus on the West African region. </p><p> With a total of 44 participants of DCdVET member organizations (ADA, BMZ, SDC, LED), their implementing partners etc. from more than 11 countries , the variety of perspectives and experiences from different contextual backgrounds offered a good platform for an exchange of lessons learned and best practices regarding dual vocational education and training development in French Speaking Africa. The field visits (LED / SDC projects), on the other hand, offered interesting, first-hand insights on the implementation of vocational skills development projects. [<a href="/site/EI/Pages/News/Newsletter/Spotlights/ei-newsletter-2017-12-spotlight3.aspx">more</a>]</p>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>From 13 to 22 March, the e+i and DDLG Networks jointly hosted an e-consultation on Local Economic Development (LED). After three webinars in English, French and Spanish, Maja Rüegg und Marcus Jenal facilitated an e-discussion. The videos of the webinars are now published on the e+i Shareweb, a synthesis paper of the e-discussion will follow soon... <a href="/site/EI/Pages/PSD/ei_discussions_psd_all.aspx">[more on the PSD eDiscussion page]</a></p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>40 participants at the SDC HQ in Bern and many more connected through live-streaming attended the Youth Employment Kick-off event on 15 March with presentations by Matthias Herr, Stefan Butscher and Roman Troxler. Four eTalks are planned in the coming months. All potential participants are invited to suggest further topics.... [<a href="/site/ei/Pages/Content/Event-Profile.aspx?Event=2018-03%20Youth%20employment%20promotion" target="_blank">more</a>]</p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>40 participants at the SDC HQ in Bern and many more connected through live-streaming attended the Youth Employment Kick-off event on 15 March with presentations by Matthias Herr, Stefan Butscher and Roman Troxler. Four eTalks are planned in the coming months. All potential participants are invited to suggest further topics.... [<a href="/site/ei/Pages/Content/Event-Profile.aspx?Event=2018-03%20Youth%20employment%20promotion" target="_blank">more</a>]</p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>From 13 to 22 March, the e+i and DDLG Networks jointly hosted an e-consultation on Local Economic Development (LED). After three webinars in English, French and Spanish, Maja Rüegg und Marcus Jenal facilitated an e-discussion. The videos of the webinars are now published on the e+i Shareweb, a synthesis paper of the e-discussion will follow soon... <a href="/site/EI/Pages/PSD/ei_discussions_psd_all.aspx">[more on the PSD eDiscussion page]</a></p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>The e+i Network is putting together a stocktaking on local economic development (LED) and territorial economic development (TED) initiatives in SDC. If you are engaged in any projects with a local/territorial focus – whether you call them LED/TED or not – please briefly&#160;let us know <a href="https&#58;//www.surveymonkey.com/r/2S9QXFP" target="_blank">here</a>. Thank you very much!</p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>For a week in November, close to thirty experienced results measurement practitioners gathered in Bangkok to share ideas and lessons, build their capacity and contribute to improving results measurement in PSD.&#160; A number of them were grateful recipients of partial scholarships from SDC.&#160;</p><p>The group tackled a range of topics in results measurement including effective monitoring, credible impact measurement, assessment of women’s economic empowerment, the use of modern technology, multipliers, assessment of systemic change and analyzing and using information for decision making.&#160; More information in the <a href="http&#58;//www.miehlbradt.com/Resources/TrainingResources/Advanced%20Training%20Workshop%20in%20Results%20Measurement%20Nov%202017.pdf" target="_blank">course flyer</a>. The practitioners shared experiences on addressing challenges in results measurement, such as how to work with the private sector on data collection, how to monitor in remote or inaccessible areas, how to do results measurement in small programs and if and how to assess non-financial benefits.&#160; The practitioners particularly appreciated learning about innovations such as ICT-based data collection and new on-line tools for data visualization, as well as complementary methods for investigation such as social network analysis.&#160; The most hotly debated topic was assessment of systemic change with practitioners sharing and deliberating on various approaches and tips.&#160; Many participants reported that they got new ideas and a greater appreciation for the need to assess systemic change.&#160;&#160;</p><p>The workshop facilitators will prepare five brief good practice notes to share some of the learning from the workshop. These notes will soon be published here, on our e+i shareweb.</p><div><img style="width&#58;571.21px;height&#58;428.75px;" src="/site/EI/PublishingImages/Covers/Image%20Advanced%20Training%20RM%20for%20PSD.jpg" class="fr-fic fr-dii" /><br></div></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="line-height&#58;107%;">O</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="line-height&#58;107%;">ur brand new tool allows you to share your news and documents within seconds with the whole e+i community. No matter if you want to announce a job opening, a call for tenders or the start of a new project&#58; it will just take few clicks to publish it on our Shareweb.&#160;</span>Go directly to the <a href="/site/EI/memberarea/Pages/share-your-knowledge.aspx" target="_blank">tool&#160;</a>or a look a the tutorial below&#58;</p><div class="container" id="Ppt-Iframe_container" style="text-align&#58;center;"><iframe align="middle" class="ppt_iframe class=" src="/site/EI/_layouts/15/WopiFrame.aspx?sourcedoc=/site/EI/Style%20Library/js/angular/AdventCalendar/Share%20your%20knowledge.pptx&amp;action=embedview&amp;wdAr=1.3333333333333333" width="660px" height="495px" frameborder="0">This is an embedded &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;a target=&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;_blank&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39; href=&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;http&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#58;//office.com&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;Microsoft Office&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;/a&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt; presentation, powered by &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;a target=&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;_blank&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39; href=&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;http&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#58;//office.com/webapps&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;Office Web Apps&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;/a&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;.</iframe>&#160;</div></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><div>For over 20 years, the NADEL Center for Development and Cooperation at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich) has been offering specialized courses to professionals working in NGOs, bilateral organizations, international organizations, foundations, and the private sector.&#160;<span style="letter-spacing&#58;0.4px;">Further details about the program can be found&#160;</span> <a href="http&#58;//www.nadel.ethz.ch/education/individual-courses-for-professionals.html" style="background-color&#58;#ffffff;letter-spacing&#58;0.4px;" target="_blank">here</a><span style="letter-spacing&#58;0.4px;">.</span></div><p><br></p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p><br></p><p>It is a highly complex task to design and implement projects in the field of international development cooperation.&#160;This is one of the reasons why everyone who works in the field relies on useful resources and regular exchange with peers. Therefore, the Focal Point offers SDC e+i network members&#160;expert support for up to 8 hours. Learn more about this service&#160;<a data-cke-saved-href="https&#58;//www.shareweb.ch/site/ei/Pages/about/e-i-Expert-support.aspx" href="/site/ei/Pages/about/e-i-Expert-support.aspx" target="_blank">here</a> (we've even produced a short video for you).</p></div>

<div>The e+i Focal Point has developed five glossaries with key terms for Private Sector Development (PSD), Financial Sector Development (FSD), Systemic Change (MSD/M4P), Vocational Skills Development (VSD) and Monitoring and Results Measurement (MRM).&#160;The documents will help us to understand each other better until we rely completely on intelligent algorithms like the <a href="https&#58;//www.deepl.com/translator" target="_blank">DeepL Translator</a>.<br></div><div>Below we listed some of the highly used terms in the respective fields. Do you have the same understanding of the terms as we do? Feedback is highly appreciated.</div><div> <br> </div><div class="table-responsive"><table class="table ms-rteTable-5" width="100%" cellspacing="0" style="background-color&#58;#ffffff;color&#58;#444444;font-family&#58;arial, helvetica, sans-serif;letter-spacing&#58;0.4px;"><tbody><tr class="ms-rteTableHeaderRow-5"><th class="ms-rteTableHeaderEvenCol-5" rowspan="1" colspan="5" style="padding&#58;7px 5px 6px;border-top-color&#58;#519aa1;width&#58;624px;background-color&#58;#519aa1 !important;"> <strong>​​​​​Do you know what&#160;these terms mean&#160;in&#160;your field?</strong></th> </tr><tr class="ms-rteTableOddRow-5" style="border&#58;1px solid #519aa1;"><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-5" style="border-top-color&#58;#009ac3;padding&#58;7px 5px 6px;width&#58;156px;"> <strong>​</strong><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size&#58;11pt;font-family&#58;calibri, sans-serif;"><strong>Local Ec​​​onomic Development</strong></span></td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-5" style="border-top-color&#58;#009ac3;padding&#58;7px 5px 6px;width&#58;156px;"> <strong>​</strong><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size&#58;11pt;font-family&#58;calibri, sans-serif;"><strong>Green Growth</strong></span></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-5" style="border-top-color&#58;#009ac3;padding&#58;7px 5px 6px;width&#58;156px;"> <strong>​</strong><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size&#58;11pt;font-family&#58;calibri, sans-serif;"><strong>Institutions</strong></span></td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-5" style="border-top-color&#58;#009ac3;padding&#58;7px 5px 6px;width&#58;156px;"> <strong>​</strong><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size&#58;11pt;font-family&#58;calibri, sans-serif;"><strong>Blended Finance</strong></span></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-5" style="border-top-color&#58;#009ac3;padding&#58;7px 5px 6px;">​​<strong>Dual VET​</strong></td></tr><tr class="ms-rteTableEvenRow-5" style="border&#58;1px solid #519aa1;"><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-5" style="border-top-color&#58;#009ac3;padding&#58;7px 5px 6px;">​See the&#160;<a href="/site/EI/Documents/PSD/Tools/Resource_Box/SDC%20-%20Glossary%20-%20PSD%20Terminologies%20-%202017-04.pdf" target="_blank">PSD glossary</a>.</td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-5" style="border-top-color&#58;#009ac3;padding&#58;7px 5px 6px;">​<span style="letter-spacing&#58;0.4px;">​See the&#160;<a href="/site/EI/Documents/HowTo/M4P-MSD/SDC%20-%20Glossary%20-%20Systemic%20Change%20(MSD,%20M4P)%20Terminologies%20-%202017-04.pdf" target="_blank">MSD glossary</a>.</span></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-5" style="border-top-color&#58;#009ac3;padding&#58;7px 5px 6px;">​<span style="letter-spacing&#58;0.4px;">​See the&#160;<a href="/site/EI/Documents/HowTo/Result%20Measurement/SDC%20-%20Glossary%20-%20Result%20Measurement%20-%20Terminologies%20-%202017-04.pdf" target="_blank">MRM glossary</a>​.</span></td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-5" style="border-top-color&#58;#009ac3;padding&#58;7px 5px 6px;">​<span style="letter-spacing&#58;0.4px;">​See the&#160;<a href="/site/EI/Documents/FSD/Tools/SDC%20-%20Glossary%20-%20FSD%20Terminologies%20-%202017-04.pdf" target="_blank">FSD glossary</a>.</span></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-5" colspan="1" style="border-top-color&#58;#009ac3;padding&#58;7px 5px 6px;">​<span style="letter-spacing&#58;0.4px;">​See the&#160;<a href="/site/EI/Documents/VSD/Tools/SDC%20-%20Glossary%20-%20VSD%20Terminologies%20-%202017-04.pdf" target="_blank">VSD glossary</a>.</span></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <br> <br> <br><br>

<p></p><span style="font-size&#58;12px;"> <p style="font-size&#58;12px;"></p> <span style="font-size&#58;12px;"> <p>NADELs course programme covers a wide range of&#160;relevant topis for practitioners in the field of e+i. Besides this, the courses are&#160;unique opportunity&#160;to engage with other peers, experts,&#160;policy makers, and in particular with the Swiss development cooperation community. The&#160;course programm,&#160;the registration forms, and more information about the admission requirements are available on<span style="font-size&#58;13.2px;">&#160;NADEL's&#160;</span><a href="http&#58;//www.nadel.ethz.ch/education/individual-courses-for-professionals.html" target="_blank">website​</a>.<span style="font-size&#58;13.2px;">&#160;</span><br></p></span></span><span style="font-size&#58;12px;"><span style="font-size&#58;12px;"> <p>For professionals in the field of VET two&#160;courses are&#160;&#160;especially&#160;​​recommended&#58;</p> <p></p> <ul><li><p><a href="/site/EI/Pages/Events/event-detail.aspx?ItemID=147" target="_blank">M4P – Making Markets Work for the Poor&#160;(27.03. – 31.03.2017​)​</a><br></p></li><li><p><a href="/site/EI/Pages/Events/event-detail.aspx?ItemID=148" target="_blank">VET between Poverty Alleviation and Economic Development&#160;is (24.04. - 28.04.2017)​</a><br></p></li></ul> <p></p> <p> </p> <p>Registration for the spring semester 2017 starts on October 31, and for the autumn semester 2017 it starts on May 29, 2017.<br></p></span> <p style="font-size&#58;12px;"></p></span><p></p>​

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin&#58;0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font face="Calibri" size="3" color="#000000">SDC finances the </font><a target="_blank" href="http&#58;//eye-kosovo.org/"><font face="Calibri" size="3" color="#0563c1">Enhancing Youth Employment (EYE)</font></a><font face="Calibri" size="3" color="#000000">&#160;project in Kosovo with the aim of increasing the employment opportunities for young women and men who graduate from Vocational Education and Training (VET) schools and universities. EYE helps facilitating&#160;their transition from school into the workforce. The project,&#160;implemented by HELVETAS Swiss Intercooperation and MDA, uses a systemic approach to the labour market and works in the VSD and in the PSD domain. The popular Swiss TV news show “10vor10” has recently broadcasted a </font><a target="_blank" href="http&#58;//tp.srgssr.ch/p/portal?urn=urn&#58;srf&#58;ais&#58;video&#58;7d3dc25a-f616-4c92-8ac0-58ac16735641&amp;autoplay=true&amp;legacy=true&amp;width=640&amp;height=360&amp;playerType="><font face="Calibri" size="3" color="#0563c1">5-minutes clip</font></a><font size="3"><font color="#000000"><font face="Calibri">&#160;(in German) about one of the interventions of the project, which collaborates with Kosovar media companies.&#160; <a target="_blank" href="/site/EI/Pages/News/Newsletter/Spotlights/ei-newsletter-2016-12-spotlight1.aspx">&gt;&gt; more</a></font></font></font></p>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p><span style="font-size&#58;12px;"></span></p><p>The focal point e+i has a special W<span style="color&#58;#3d85c6;"><strong>e+i</strong></span>hnachtszeit treat for you! Every day you get the chance to explore, learn, laugh or just relax until it is Christmas (=We+ihnachten).</p><p>Make sure you don’t miss any stars to be opened and let us know in case you have questions or inputs.</p><p>&gt;&gt; <a href="/site/EI/Pages/Home.aspx" target="_blank">here</a> &lt;&lt;</p><p><span style="color&#58;#3d85c6;">Your e+i focalpoint</span>.</p><p></p></div>

<p>​Why do watersheds matter when it comes to poor people’s livelihoods, their access to water or their protection from disasters and climate change? People living in watersheds know each other, they know their environment and their income depends on the watersheds.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; 50 development professionals from Latin America and the Caribbean, and from SDC Head Office, comprising five thematic knowledge networks, met for one week in Nicaragua to generate evidence on successful watershed management interventions. <a title="https&#58;//www.shareweb.ch/site/Agriculture-and-Food-Security/news/Documents/2015_12_f2f_nicaragua.pdf Ctrl+Click or tap to follow the link" href="/site/Agriculture-and-Food-Security/news/Documents/2015_12_f2f_nicaragua.pdf" target="_blank" style="color&#58;#666666;font-weight&#58;normal;text-decoration&#58;underline;-ms-word-wrap&#58;break-word;"> Read the 10 key messages at the beginning of the report! They will make a difference in your next project design.</a>&#160;(English)&#160;&gt;&gt; <a href="http&#58;//www.aguaycambioclimatico.info/evento-multiredes-cosude/sintesis-tematica.html" target="_blank" style="color&#58;#666666;font-weight&#58;normal;text-decoration&#58;underline;-ms-word-wrap&#58;break-word;"> Síntesis temàtica </a>(Español)<br>&#160;&#160; </p>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>The 2016 BEAM Conference&#160;brought nearly 200 people to Lusaka, Zambia, sparking critical debate and reflection about the experience of market systems development approaches, and the future of our field. The conference agenda was broad, but a clear focus grew around three crucial issues&#58;</p><p>1. the <strong>paucity of rigorous evidence about impact</strong>&#58; What do we know about the scale, sustainability of poverty- ... <a href="/site/EI/Pages/News/Newsletter/Spotlights/ei-newsletter-2016-07-spotlight1.aspx" target="_blank">&gt;&gt; more</a></p><p>&#160;</p><p style="text-align&#58;justify;">&#160;</p></div>

<div>Have you ever wondered, how the business environment can have a positive impact on promoting inclusive business, or what can be done to improve the framework conditions for local economic development? Did you ask yourself whether women economic empowerment is being limited by regulations and legislation and how such limitations can be overcome? Are you interested to know which... <a href="/site/EI/Pages/News/Newsletter/Spotlights/ei-newsletter-2016-07-spotlight2.aspx" target="_blank">&gt;&gt;more</a></div>

<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family&#58;arial, sans-serif;font-size&#58;10pt;"><font color="#000000" style="font-family&#58;arial, sans-serif;font-size&#58;10pt;">Finding relevant documents, project examples and interesting events has now become much easier and faster with the new Smartsearch available on the e+i Shareweb. Discover it&#160;<a href="/site/EI/Pages/News/Newsletter/Spotlights/ei-newsletter-2016-09-spotlight1.aspx" target="_blank" style="font-family&#58;arial, sans-serif;font-size&#58;10pt;">here</a>.</font></span>

<p>Beginning of April a dynamic e-consultation on the <strong>revised guidance for managing MSD projects in SDC</strong> has taken place. Network members from SDC as well as implementing agencies have very actively shared their observations on the revised guidance and their experiences and best practices in implementing MSD projects<em>.</em> Their observations have been incorporated into this &#160;restructured, user friendlier and easier accessible document.&#160;Find it&#160;&gt;&gt;<a href="/site/EI/Documents/PSD/Topics/Value%20Chain%20Development/SDC%20MSD%20Guidance%20Document%20revised%202017-06%20(en).pdf" target="_blank">here</a></p><p><br></p><p><br></p>

<p>​Why do watersheds matter when it comes to poor people’s livelihoods, their access to water or their protection from disasters and climate change? People living in watersheds know each other, they know their environment and their income depends on the watersheds.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; 50 development professionals from Latin America and the Caribbean, and from SDC Head Office, comprising five thematic knowledge networks, met for one week in Nicaragua to generate evidence on successful watershed management interventions. <a title="https&#58;//www.shareweb.ch/site/Agriculture-and-Food-Security/news/Documents/2015_12_f2f_nicaragua.pdf Ctrl+Click or tap to follow the link" href="/site/Agriculture-and-Food-Security/news/Documents/2015_12_f2f_nicaragua.pdf" target="_blank" style="color&#58;#666666;font-weight&#58;normal;text-decoration&#58;underline;-ms-word-wrap&#58;break-word;"> Read the 10 key messages at the beginning of the report! They will make a difference in your next project design.</a>&#160;(English)&#160;&gt;&gt; <a href="http&#58;//www.aguaycambioclimatico.info/evento-multiredes-cosude/sintesis-tematica.html" target="_blank" style="color&#58;#666666;font-weight&#58;normal;text-decoration&#58;underline;-ms-word-wrap&#58;break-word;"> Síntesis temàtica </a>(Español)<br>&#160;&#160; </p>

<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family&#58;arial, sans-serif;font-size&#58;10pt;"><font color="#000000" style="font-family&#58;arial, sans-serif;font-size&#58;10pt;">Finding relevant documents, project examples and interesting events has now become much easier and faster with the new Smartsearch available on the e+i Shareweb. Discover it&#160;<a href="/site/EI/Pages/News/Newsletter/Spotlights/ei-newsletter-2016-09-spotlight1.aspx" target="_blank" style="font-family&#58;arial, sans-serif;font-size&#58;10pt;">here</a>.</font></span>

<p>Beginning of April a dynamic e-consultation on the <strong>revised guidance for managing MSD projects in SDC</strong> has taken place. Network members from SDC as well as implementing agencies have very actively shared their observations on the revised guidance and their experiences and best practices in implementing MSD projects<em>.</em> Their observations have been incorporated into this &#160;restructured, user friendlier and easier accessible document.&#160;Find it&#160;&gt;&gt;<a href="/site/EI/Documents/PSD/Topics/Value%20Chain%20Development/SDC%20MSD%20Guidance%20Document%20revised%202017-06%20(en).pdf" target="_blank">here</a></p><p><br></p><p><br></p>

<div><span style="font-size&#58;14px;">Our next Savings and Credit Forum will take place on&#160;</span><span style="letter-spacing&#58;0.4px;font-size&#58;14px;">Thursday, 28th September 2017 in Berne.</span></div><div><span style="font-size&#58;14px;">Low-income households do not only need credit, they also need savings, insurance and money transfer services. </span><span style="letter-spacing&#58;0.4px;font-size&#58;14px;">Low-income households save.&#160;</span><span style="letter-spacing&#58;0.4px;font-size&#58;14px;">How do they save and what for? What obstacles... &gt;&gt;<a href="/site/EI/Pages/Content/Event-Profile.aspx?Event=SC-Forum 2017-09" target="_blank">more</a></span></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p><span style="font-size&#58;12px;"></span></p><p>The focal point e+i has a special W<span style="color&#58;#3d85c6;"><strong>e+i</strong></span>hnachtszeit treat for you! Every day you get the chance to explore, learn, laugh or just relax until it is Christmas (=We+ihnachten).</p><p>Make sure you don’t miss any stars to be opened and let us know in case you have questions or inputs.</p><p>&gt;&gt; <a href="/site/EI/Pages/Home.aspx" target="_blank">here</a> &lt;&lt;</p><p><span style="color&#58;#3d85c6;">Your e+i focalpoint</span>.</p><p></p></div>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin&#58;0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font face="Calibri" size="3" color="#000000">SDC finances the </font><a target="_blank" href="http&#58;//eye-kosovo.org/"><font face="Calibri" size="3" color="#0563c1">Enhancing Youth Employment (EYE)</font></a><font face="Calibri" size="3" color="#000000">&#160;project in Kosovo with the aim of increasing the employment opportunities for young women and men who graduate from Vocational Education and Training (VET) schools and universities. EYE helps facilitating&#160;their transition from school into the workforce. The project,&#160;implemented by HELVETAS Swiss Intercooperation and MDA, uses a systemic approach to the labour market and works in the VSD and in the PSD domain. The popular Swiss TV news show “10vor10” has recently broadcasted a </font><a target="_blank" href="http&#58;//tp.srgssr.ch/p/portal?urn=urn&#58;srf&#58;ais&#58;video&#58;7d3dc25a-f616-4c92-8ac0-58ac16735641&amp;autoplay=true&amp;legacy=true&amp;width=640&amp;height=360&amp;playerType="><font face="Calibri" size="3" color="#0563c1">5-minutes clip</font></a><font size="3"><font color="#000000"><font face="Calibri">&#160;(in German) about one of the interventions of the project, which collaborates with Kosovar media companies.&#160; <a target="_blank" href="/site/EI/Pages/News/Newsletter/Spotlights/ei-newsletter-2016-12-spotlight1.aspx">&gt;&gt; more</a></font></font></font></p>

<p></p><span style="font-size&#58;12px;"> <p style="font-size&#58;12px;"></p> <span style="font-size&#58;12px;"> <p>NADELs course programme covers a wide range of&#160;relevant topis for practitioners in the field of e+i. Besides this, the courses are&#160;unique opportunity&#160;to engage with other peers, experts,&#160;policy makers, and in particular with the Swiss development cooperation community. The&#160;course programm,&#160;the registration forms, and more information about the admission requirements are available on<span style="font-size&#58;13.2px;">&#160;NADEL's&#160;</span><a href="http&#58;//www.nadel.ethz.ch/education/individual-courses-for-professionals.html" target="_blank">website​</a>.<span style="font-size&#58;13.2px;">&#160;</span><br></p></span></span><span style="font-size&#58;12px;"><span style="font-size&#58;12px;"> <p>For professionals in the field of VET two&#160;courses are&#160;&#160;especially&#160;​​recommended&#58;</p> <p></p> <ul><li><p><a href="/site/EI/Pages/Events/event-detail.aspx?ItemID=147" target="_blank">M4P – Making Markets Work for the Poor&#160;(27.03. – 31.03.2017​)​</a><br></p></li><li><p><a href="/site/EI/Pages/Events/event-detail.aspx?ItemID=148" target="_blank">VET between Poverty Alleviation and Economic Development&#160;is (24.04. - 28.04.2017)​</a><br></p></li></ul> <p></p> <p> </p> <p>Registration for the spring semester 2017 starts on October 31, and for the autumn semester 2017 it starts on May 29, 2017.<br></p></span> <p style="font-size&#58;12px;"></p></span><p></p>​

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p><br></p><p>It is a highly complex task to design and implement projects in the field of international development cooperation.&#160;This is one of the reasons why everyone who works in the field relies on useful resources and regular exchange with peers. Therefore, the Focal Point offers SDC e+i network members&#160;expert support for up to 8 hours. Learn more about this service&#160;<a data-cke-saved-href="https&#58;//www.shareweb.ch/site/ei/Pages/about/e-i-Expert-support.aspx" href="/site/ei/Pages/about/e-i-Expert-support.aspx" target="_blank">here</a> (we've even produced a short video for you).</p></div>

<div>The e+i Focal Point has developed five glossaries with key terms for Private Sector Development (PSD), Financial Sector Development (FSD), Systemic Change (MSD/M4P), Vocational Skills Development (VSD) and Monitoring and Results Measurement (MRM).&#160;The documents will help us to understand each other better until we rely completely on intelligent algorithms like the <a href="https&#58;//www.deepl.com/translator" target="_blank">DeepL Translator</a>.<br></div><div>Below we listed some of the highly used terms in the respective fields. Do you have the same understanding of the terms as we do? Feedback is highly appreciated.</div><div> <br> </div><div class="table-responsive"><table class="table ms-rteTable-5" width="100%" cellspacing="0" style="background-color&#58;#ffffff;color&#58;#444444;font-family&#58;arial, helvetica, sans-serif;letter-spacing&#58;0.4px;"><tbody><tr class="ms-rteTableHeaderRow-5"><th class="ms-rteTableHeaderEvenCol-5" rowspan="1" colspan="5" style="padding&#58;7px 5px 6px;border-top-color&#58;#519aa1;width&#58;624px;background-color&#58;#519aa1 !important;"> <strong>​​​​​Do you know what&#160;these terms mean&#160;in&#160;your field?</strong></th> </tr><tr class="ms-rteTableOddRow-5" style="border&#58;1px solid #519aa1;"><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-5" style="border-top-color&#58;#009ac3;padding&#58;7px 5px 6px;width&#58;156px;"> <strong>​</strong><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size&#58;11pt;font-family&#58;calibri, sans-serif;"><strong>Local Ec​​​onomic Development</strong></span></td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-5" style="border-top-color&#58;#009ac3;padding&#58;7px 5px 6px;width&#58;156px;"> <strong>​</strong><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size&#58;11pt;font-family&#58;calibri, sans-serif;"><strong>Green Growth</strong></span></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-5" style="border-top-color&#58;#009ac3;padding&#58;7px 5px 6px;width&#58;156px;"> <strong>​</strong><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size&#58;11pt;font-family&#58;calibri, sans-serif;"><strong>Institutions</strong></span></td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-5" style="border-top-color&#58;#009ac3;padding&#58;7px 5px 6px;width&#58;156px;"> <strong>​</strong><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size&#58;11pt;font-family&#58;calibri, sans-serif;"><strong>Blended Finance</strong></span></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-5" style="border-top-color&#58;#009ac3;padding&#58;7px 5px 6px;">​​<strong>Dual VET​</strong></td></tr><tr class="ms-rteTableEvenRow-5" style="border&#58;1px solid #519aa1;"><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-5" style="border-top-color&#58;#009ac3;padding&#58;7px 5px 6px;">​See the&#160;<a href="/site/EI/Documents/PSD/Tools/Resource_Box/SDC%20-%20Glossary%20-%20PSD%20Terminologies%20-%202017-04.pdf" target="_blank">PSD glossary</a>.</td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-5" style="border-top-color&#58;#009ac3;padding&#58;7px 5px 6px;">​<span style="letter-spacing&#58;0.4px;">​See the&#160;<a href="/site/EI/Documents/HowTo/M4P-MSD/SDC%20-%20Glossary%20-%20Systemic%20Change%20(MSD,%20M4P)%20Terminologies%20-%202017-04.pdf" target="_blank">MSD glossary</a>.</span></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-5" style="border-top-color&#58;#009ac3;padding&#58;7px 5px 6px;">​<span style="letter-spacing&#58;0.4px;">​See the&#160;<a href="/site/EI/Documents/HowTo/Result%20Measurement/SDC%20-%20Glossary%20-%20Result%20Measurement%20-%20Terminologies%20-%202017-04.pdf" target="_blank">MRM glossary</a>​.</span></td><td class="ms-rteTableOddCol-5" style="border-top-color&#58;#009ac3;padding&#58;7px 5px 6px;">​<span style="letter-spacing&#58;0.4px;">​See the&#160;<a href="/site/EI/Documents/FSD/Tools/SDC%20-%20Glossary%20-%20FSD%20Terminologies%20-%202017-04.pdf" target="_blank">FSD glossary</a>.</span></td><td class="ms-rteTableEvenCol-5" colspan="1" style="border-top-color&#58;#009ac3;padding&#58;7px 5px 6px;">​<span style="letter-spacing&#58;0.4px;">​See the&#160;<a href="/site/EI/Documents/VSD/Tools/SDC%20-%20Glossary%20-%20VSD%20Terminologies%20-%202017-04.pdf" target="_blank">VSD glossary</a>.</span></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <br> <br> <br><br>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><div>For over 20 years, the NADEL Center for Development and Cooperation at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich) has been offering specialized courses to professionals working in NGOs, bilateral organizations, international organizations, foundations, and the private sector.&#160;<span style="letter-spacing&#58;0.4px;">Further details about the program can be found&#160;</span> <a href="http&#58;//www.nadel.ethz.ch/education/individual-courses-for-professionals.html" style="background-color&#58;#ffffff;letter-spacing&#58;0.4px;" target="_blank">here</a><span style="letter-spacing&#58;0.4px;">.</span></div><p><br></p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="line-height&#58;107%;">O</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="line-height&#58;107%;">ur brand new tool allows you to share your news and documents within seconds with the whole e+i community. No matter if you want to announce a job opening, a call for tenders or the start of a new project&#58; it will just take few clicks to publish it on our Shareweb.&#160;</span>Go directly to the <a href="/site/EI/memberarea/Pages/share-your-knowledge.aspx" target="_blank">tool&#160;</a>or a look a the tutorial below&#58;</p><div class="container" id="Ppt-Iframe_container" style="text-align&#58;center;"><iframe align="middle" class="ppt_iframe class=" src="/site/EI/_layouts/15/WopiFrame.aspx?sourcedoc=/site/EI/Style%20Library/js/angular/AdventCalendar/Share%20your%20knowledge.pptx&amp;action=embedview&amp;wdAr=1.3333333333333333" width="660px" height="495px" frameborder="0">This is an embedded &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;a target=&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;_blank&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39; href=&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;http&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#58;//office.com&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;Microsoft Office&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;/a&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt; presentation, powered by &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;a target=&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;_blank&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39; href=&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;http&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#58;//office.com/webapps&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;Office Web Apps&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;/a&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;.</iframe>&#160;</div></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>The e+i Network is putting together a stocktaking on local economic development (LED) and territorial economic development (TED) initiatives in SDC. If you are engaged in any projects with a local/territorial focus – whether you call them LED/TED or not – please briefly&#160;let us know <a href="https&#58;//www.surveymonkey.com/r/2S9QXFP" target="_blank">here</a>. Thank you very much!</p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>From 13 to 22 March, the e+i and DDLG Networks jointly hosted an e-consultation on Local Economic Development (LED). After three webinars in English, French and Spanish, Maja Rüegg und Marcus Jenal facilitated an e-discussion. The videos of the webinars are now published on the e+i Shareweb, a synthesis paper of the e-discussion will follow soon... <a href="/site/EI/Pages/PSD/ei_discussions_psd_all.aspx">[more on the PSD eDiscussion page]</a></p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>40 participants at the SDC HQ in Bern and many more connected through live-streaming attended the Youth Employment Kick-off event on 15 March with presentations by Matthias Herr, Stefan Butscher and Roman Troxler. Four eTalks are planned in the coming months. All potential participants are invited to suggest further topics.... [<a href="/site/ei/Pages/Content/Event-Profile.aspx?Event=2018-03%20Youth%20employment%20promotion" target="_blank">more</a>]</p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>This introduction was&nbsp;made for VET practitioners in development cooperation who want to better understand and analyse how VET systems function and how their different elements interrelate.</p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"></div>

The toolbox covers each e+i topic- VSD, PSD and FSD- with an entire chapter. It comprises various tools of which each is briefly described outlining expected impacts, key steps for implementation as well as potential partners to work with. Most tools are illustrated with a good practice example. <a href="http://www.enterprise-development.org/page/download?id=2690" target="_blank"> &gt;Download this document</a>

The glossary provides clear and specific definitions for the main performance management terms in the E-TVET context in both English and Arabic. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ilo.org/beirut/publications/WCMS_358540/lang--en/index.htm">&gt;Read more</a>

This ILO-paper presents an analytical framework for assessing TVET teacher training systems. It provides a conceptual framework that government agencies and TVET institutions can use to examine the internal efficiency and coherence of their teacher preparation programmes, as well as assess the dynamic capability of the system to anticipate and respond to the needs of both employers and students.

The authors of this UNESCO publication ask ‘What would it take to unleash the potential of TVET systems?’ In response, an integrated analytical approach is proposed through which economic growth, social equity and sustainability perspectives can be strategically combined so as to address contemporary policy concerns such as youth unemployment, gender disparities and climate change.

Thesis paper elaborated in a workshop on women and vocational training

Rapid Market Appraisal (RMA) is a tool for assessing the market needs. RMA is conducted to provide information concerning current employment and future labour requirements by specific occupations.

A synthesis of insights from 2 years of exchange of ideas and experience among practitioners and program personnel of SDC funded efforts and guests.

Lessons learned on cooperative training projects which were supported by Swisscontact and SDC

Short overview on voucher system as an approach to finance training

The brochure introduces and describes basic principles and approaches of curriculum development and learning processes.

The short article names new approaches for VET and the challenges of the informal sector.

Manual, supplement and toolkit for VET practitioners regarding costing and pricing issues.

Matrix with explanations on funds

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>This tool serves as a guide to facilitate context assessment in terms of gender inequalities.</p><p>A practical tool to mainstream gender equality into skills development projects for better employment opportunities.</p><p>Incorporating the gender dimension into occupational training and access to employment is directly related to these two themes. If the SDC&rsquo;s occupational training projects do not improve women&rsquo;s real access to all types of employment and to income as much as &ndash; or more than &ndash; it does for men, then these projects will only replicate or, even worse, reinforce existing social inequalities.</p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>Consolidated database of objectives and indicators</p></div>

The skill card provides a first glance on the relevance of tracer studies and ways of application in the context of VSD in international cooperation projects.

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>Employability, Systems Development, Informal Sector, Sustainability of VET, Financing of VET, Guidelines for future VET in development cooperation</p></div>

Introduction into the topic of private sector participation in Vocational Skills Development. It argues that VSD today requires close links with the private sector for quality education

Key document concerning the creation of regional VET Boards in North Eastern Albania. bring together all stakeholders in the field of VET, such as the Regional Education Directorates, the Regional Employment Offices, the Regional Development Councils, the Chambers of Commerce and Industry, Municipalities, VET schools and Syndicates.

Significance of TVET and Labour Market Orientation; Strategic Orientation of TVET in Development Cooperation.

The aim and the working method of the Grupo NyC are described here briefly.

Introduction into the topic of private sector participation in Vocational Skills Development. It argues that VSD today requires close links with the private sector for quality education.

It outlines reviewed priorities for the European cooperation in VET. Finland’s Minister for Education and Science Antti Kalliomdki, Commissioner Jan Figel and Cedefop’s Director Aviana Bulgarelli reflect on the impact of the Copenhagen process, in particular the significance of the European Qualifications Framework (EQF) and the envisaged European Credit System for VET (ECVET)

The EU is working to reduce youth unemployment and to increase the youth employment rate in line with the wider EU target of achieving a 75% employment rate for the working-age population (20-64 years). This leaflet gives an overview of the latest measures proposed by the EU to help Member States specifically tackle youth unemployment and social exclusion.

Young people have been hit hard by the economic downturn with the EU youth unemployment rate reaching 20%. This review summarises messages from 33 national articles on this theme, linking them to policy developments, studies and data. It details the European and national contexts before examining measures to promote youth employment. These cover education, training, labour market and benefit policies, as well as measures to address problematic aspects and labour market actors’ roles. Following this, final conclusions are drawn. This publication is available in English, French and German

The study examines the continuing job crisis affecting young people in many parts of the world. It provides updated statistics on global and regional youth unemployment rates and presents ILO policy recommendations to curb the current trends.

Background paper for the EFA Global Monitoring Report 2012

Employability, Systems Development, Informal Sector, Sustainability of VET, Financing of VET, Guidelines for future VET in development cooperation

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Synthesis Labour market orientation - second round decussion

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Employability, Systems Development, Informal Sector, Sustainability of VET, Financing of VET, Guidelines for future VET in development cooperation

This document provides a good overview of the existing types of basic VET in Switzerland (only in German!)

The present attempt to discern a connection between skills and poverty is part of a much larger targeting of poverty by the donor community. The origins of this poverty discourse lie in the reactions to the structural adjustment policies of the 1980s and the need for these to have a human face, and for there to be safety-nets for the poor. These latter policies led to a full-blown targeting of poverty reduction as the mandate of development agencies.

Significance of TVET and Labour Market Orientation; Strategic Orientation of TVET in Development Cooperation.

Significance of TVET and Labour Market Orientation; Strategic Orientation of TVET in Development Cooperation.

Written by Kenneth King and Robert Palmer this brief report on TVET provides a very good overview of VET history and different approaches and modalities of delivery. Included in the report is a small but useful glossary and a quite profound bibliography and a list of resource both classified along major topics.

The basis for European co-operation in VET was laid out in the Copenhagen Declaration which was endorsed in November 2002 by the education Ministers of 31 European countries, social partners and the European Commission. The Copenhagen Declaration was the starting point of the Copenhagen Process.

This paper deals with the current European policies of VET (Copenhagen Process, Lisbon Agenda, Open Method of Coordination). It shows that there is no standard European path in achieving Lisbon Goals and that the differences between the practice and the level of European politics are considerable and need to be addressed in order to realy "Europeanise" VET in Europe.

This communication by the European Council represents the third review of the Copenhagen process initiated in December 2002 with the Copenhagen communication.

à partir de l’analyse de trois pays en développement Document de travail avril 2011

CEDEFOP - Supporting internal quality management and quality culture. This handbook focuses on the importance of internal quality management specifically for institutions involved in vocational education and training (VET).It is meant to guide VET providers through a quality journey, based on the PDCA (plan-do-check-act/review) cycle, which underlies any quality management system (QMS).

Volume II: national and regional cases, CEDEFOP. How far is the world progressing towards comprehensive qualifications frameworks? The inventory showcases 86 countries and examines how learning outcomes of all types of learning - formal, non-formal and informal - are being integrated into regional and national qualifications frameworks.

ILO (Asia Region). These Regional Model Competency Standards (RMCS) on core competencies were developed as a basis to integrate with specific skills needed at the workplace, so that training and assessment resources can be developed and individuals tested against the standards. They include a wide range of core competencies, including the “green” or environmental competencies.

The Centre of Excellence for the Bangladesh Apparel Industries (CEBAI) is a replicable model of an industry-driven training and support service that aims to meet the sector’s labour force needs. The initiative seeks (as part of a global ILO-H&M partnership) to increase both the employability and wages of the working poor.

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>Berufsbildung Factsheet Information 2 Seiten</p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>Voc<strong>ational skills development (VSD) is a cornerstone of Swiss development cooperation.</strong> Vocational training bridges the world of education with the world of work: graduates increase their chances of finding decent employment and earning a better income. A skilled workforce raises companies&rsquo; competitiveness. As such, VSD has a direct bearing on poverty alleviation and on social and economic development.</p><p>The Factsheet on VSD has been updated (English, german and french versions available!)</p></div>

Factsheet VSD Berufsbildung Project Examples Communication

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>Facteur d&eacute;terminant dans les r&eacute;volutions qui ont secou&eacute; les pays d&rsquo;Afrique du Nord en 2011, le ch&ocirc;mage des jeunes r&eacute;sulte de leur employabilit&eacute; d&eacute;ficiente sur le march&eacute; du travail. Un projet de la DDC vise &agrave; d&eacute;velopper la formation professionnelle en Tunisie. Les jeunes universitaires, notamment, ont l&rsquo;opportunit&eacute; d&rsquo;acqu&eacute;rir des comp&eacute;tences pratiques lors de stages effectu&eacute;s dans des &laquo;entreprises d&rsquo;entra&icirc;nement &raquo;, sur le mod&egrave;le d&rsquo;exp&eacute;riences men&eacute;es de longue date en Suisse.</p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>This technical discussion paper is analysing current practices of different types of apprenticeships and other forms of in-company training in Myanmar. It is aimed at drawing lessons learnt and is based on studies on apprenticeships and in-company training recently prepared.</p></div>

The SDC South Asia Division is pleased to share a brief account of the Employment Fund in Nepal. The project has devised innovative methods to lower access barriers to the labor market for disadvantaged groups through tailor-made vocational education and training.

This report presents the conclusions of the seminar on the “Financing of Vocational Training” held on 7 and 8 December 2015 in Abidjan. The event was organised by ADEA’s Inter-Country Quality Node on Technical and Vocational Skills Development (ICQN/TVSD), with support from the French Development Agency (AFD) and the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC). The main objective was to add to the information and analysis of the study ADEA/AFD study carried out in 2014 and to help improve inter-fund cooperation at continental level within the framework of the African Network of the Vocational Training Institutions and Funds (RAFPRO).

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) employ two thirds of the European workforce; one out of three creates new products and processes. They need to secure qualified workers to be competitive. But an unfavourable business environment, burdensome legislation and internal shortfalls make many of them reluctant to engage in training apprentices.

Opportunities and challenges of a new training frontier.

Vocational Skills Development is an important pillar of Swiss Development Cooperation activities.

Polymechaniker und Schweisstechniker auf Indisch: Franz Probst hat mit seinem Start-up Skillsonics in den letzten drei Jahren 5000 Lehrlinge in Indien nach dem Schweizer Berufsbildungssystem ausgebildet. Die Lehrabgänger erhalten ein vom Schweizer Industrieverband Swissmem anerkanntes Zertifikat und einen offiziellen indischen Berufsabschluss. Zwar sind die Hürden gross, da Indien keine Berufsausbildung kennt – das Potenzial ist indes enorm. «ECO» hat den Wirtschaftsanwalt nach Indien begleitet.

The Community of Practice Career Guidance (CoP) comprises of seven member projects from Egypt, Indonesia, Kosovo, Mongolia, Palestinian Territories, Rwanda and Serbia as well as German network partners. The Girls’ Days project in Mongolia is a SDC contribution-project. The project supports twelve TVET schools to help improving their quality, while putting a special focus on gender and inclusion. The Girls’ Days are implemented by TVET schools, in cooperation with the Ministry of Labour, school board members, companies and various external stakeholders.

If the quality of an education system can never exceed the quality of its teachers, then countries need to do all they can to build a high-quality teaching force. Teaching Excellence through Professional Learning and Policy Reform: Lessons from around the World, the background report to the sixth International Summit on the Teaching Profession, describes the knowledge, skills and character qualities common to the most effective teachers. It examines the education policies and practices that help teachers to acquire these tools, including through induction and mentoring programmes, ongoing professional development activities, student assessments, and collaboration with colleagues.

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>Low-threshold use of mobile devices and social media. New ways of learning &ndash; information technology and social media in VSD</p></div>

In this document you will find a few short answers to the questions that were posted in the chat during my presentation in the webinar "New Ways of Learning".

The World Bank Group provides monthly updates on job opportunities. If you want to register for that newsletter, go to the link above (blue title) and scroll down to the bottom of the page.

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>This brochure is an introduction to Switzerland&rsquo;s development cooperation activities in the area of vocational skills development. It includes a select sample of the many different projects and contexts in which we operate today.</p></div>

L’insertion des jeunes, leur contribution à un développement économique et sociale durable, est une priorité de premier ordre pour les gouvernements des pays concernés. Elle est aussi devenue un enjeu de sécurité majeur pour ces Etats et leurs partenaires techniques et financiers, confrontés à l’internationalisation des activités des groupes terroristes transnationaux, qui ont fait du Sahel une de leur région d’implantation, et de la jeunesse un vivier de recrutement. Cette publication dresse un état des lieux de la recherche sur la situation de la jeunesse au Sahel, ou plutôt « des jeunesses », et explore les réponses opérationnelles développés par les Etats, ainsi que leurs partenaires techniques et financiers, dans une perspective opérationnelle.

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>This guidance sheet is one of a series written to support SDC staff in ensuring that gender issues are taken into account transversally in different thematic domains &ndash; in this case, vocational skills development (VSD). It outlines key gender issues regarding VSD and how these can be integrated in the design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of cooperation strategies and project interventions.</p></div>

<div>This book delineates the Swiss dual track vocational and professional education and training systems coherently and compares with the European educational systems. Besides describing the success factors of this dual track educational system practical examples are illustrated from all over the world to elucidate the possibilities to transfer it in other countries. </div><div><br></div><div>This book is written for the interested English speaking foreign delegates, executives and professionals in the field of education, skill development and entrepreneurship. With a foreword of Federal Councilor Johann N. Schneider-Ammann, Minister of Economics, Education and Research.</div>

The book investigates the success factors of the Swiss VET-Systems and what has to be considered for a successful implementation of VPET-Systems abroad. Besides a careful theoretical and data driven analysis, the book features various examples of sustainable implementations of VPET-Systems from all over the world. Therefore, it is a good reading for both people at the operational and strategical level.

<span style="line-height: 1.42857;">The most recent issue of "Un seul monde" – the SDC’s magazine on development cooperation - has a special focus on youth and development. Amongst others, the articles cover a swiss-german VET project in Laos and a project with young refugees in Kenia. The publication is available in </span><a href="https://www.eda.admin.ch/deza/fr/home/publikationen_undservice/publikationen/publikationsreihen/eine_welt.html/publikationen/fr/deza/eine-welt/eine-welt-3-2016" target="_blank" style="line-height: 1.42857;">french</a><span style="line-height: 1.42857;">, </span><a href="https://www.eda.admin.ch/deza/it/home/publikationen_undservice/publikationen/publikationsreihen/eine_welt.html/publikationen/it/deza/eine-welt/eine-welt-3-2016" target="_blank" style="line-height: 1.42857;">italian</a><span style="line-height: 1.42857;"> and </span><a href="https://www.eda.admin.ch/deza/de/home/publikationen_undservice/publikationen/publikationsreihen/eine_welt.html/publikationen/de/deza/eine-welt/eine-welt-3-2016" target="_blank" style="line-height: 1.42857;">german</a><span style="line-height: 1.42857;">.</span><br>

The new publication series from Caritas Switzerland is dedicated to the fight against poverty. The focus of the first issue is VET and how it might help to reduce poverty. The publication serves as discussion platform and can be ordered in <a href="https://www.caritas.ch/fr/ce-que-nous-disons/almanach-politique-du-developpement/" target="_blank">french</a> and <a href="https://www.caritas.ch/de/was-wir-sagen/almanach-entwicklungspolitik/" target="_blank">german</a>.

UNESCO’s Executive Board adopted the new Strategy for Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) for the period 2016 to 2021. The Strategy is available&nbsp;<a href="http://www.unevoc.unesco.org/go.php?q=New%20UNESCO%20TVET%20Strategy%20adopted" target="_blank">here</a>.

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>The concept paper on the Nexus Between Vocational Skills (VSD) and Migration and Development (M&amp;D) presents an analysis of the interplay between two highly complex areas of human development. It discusses the context, interlinkages and explores possible approaches for SDC&rsquo;s GPMD to engage with stakeholders and ensure effective policy dialogue and project implementation. Three types of migration scenarios are discussed: labour migration, temporary settlements and crisis.</p></div>

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This thematic guidance sheet is one of a series written to support SDC staff in ensuring that gender issues are taken into account transversally in different thematic domains – in this case, focusing on market systems development (MSD). It outlines key gender issues regarding women’s economic empowerment in MSD and how these can be integrated in the design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of cooperation strategies and project interventions. Some existing familiarity with MSD terminology is assumed.

Summary of the&nbsp;Face-to-Face (F2F) for the e+i professionals of the Western Balkan (WBA) Region in Prishtina, Kosovo from 20 – 23 September 2016.

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<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p><strong>A collection of </strong><strong>typical objectives in VSD/TVET projects and programmes with sample INDICATORS of success</strong></p><p>Indicators add measurable targets to objectives. Objectives which are formulated in general language (&ldquo;narrative&rdquo;), need indicators in order to become specific. Only objectives which are specified by means of indicators are manageable, can be used to negotiate staff performance and responsibilities, can be monitored and become an object of accountability. Sloppily formulated objectives (such as &ldquo;better employment&rdquo;) lack such qualities, and their accomplishment is almost always certain with little or no effort. Good indicators are based upon stakeholder dialogue, are monitorable, attached to a strategic objective, realistic and thus achievable, related to a target group and have a schedule for interim milestones and an end-of-project accomplishment (expressed with a &lsquo;SMARTS&rsquo; acronym).&nbsp;</p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>This brochure is an introduction to Switzerland&rsquo; development cooperation activities in the area of vocational skills development. It includes a select</p><p>sample of the many different projects and contexts in which the SDC currently (2016) operates.</p></div>

The report presents the findings of an external evaluation of the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation’s (SDC) Vocational Skills Development activities. The evaluation portfolio covered 10 projects and programmes in 9 countries (Albania, Bangladesh, Burkina Faso, Ecuador, Mali, Moldova, Nepal, Nicaragua, Peru (CAPLAP).

Case studies for the evaluation of SDC Vocational Skills Development Activities in various countries.<br>7F-04687; 7F-03333; 7F-03284.02; 7F-02642; 7F-05036; 7F-04338; 7F-80018; 7F-02316<br>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>Newspaper article about the VSD evaluation 2011.</p></div>

Journal article covering the VSD evaluation 2011.

Better understanding, and more efficient use, of LMI are among potential preventive measures to reduce the risks of skills mismatch. The aim of this publication is to provide guidance through labour market monitoring and analysis of supply and demand as follows: formulation of aims of the analysis, data audit, capacity building, performance of analysis, and dissemination and use of LMI inthe context of better matching.This guide describes relevant methods, approaches and components for interpretation of LMI as well as the conditions and the operations of the labour market. It includes various measures, recent and projected trends, and restrictions and challenges to be considered in analysing LMI.As a part of the series of guides which focus on more specific topics and methods of skill needs identification and anticipation, this will mainly focus on how to exploit the data sources and tools available in the country, in particular through transforming them into labour market and education indicators. It also offers hints on how to improve data sources to make them more useful for informed decision making by individuals, companies and institutions in the labour market, including evidence‑based policy making. Detailed information on how to develop these information sources or how to use them in a context of specific institutions is the aim of other guides in the series; there are links to them where relevant.This publication is a helpful introductory tool for everyone who wants to understand how LMI can be used for better anticipation and matching of skills demand and supply. It provides advice and recommendations for policy and decision‑makers on how to respond to market signals and how to react to early warning messages driven by LMI. Technical analysts and professionals can use this guide as a source of inspiration on how LMI systems can be further developed and used for policyanalyses and interventions.

This guide, which is a part of the ETF, ILO and Cedefop series of guides on skills anticipation and matching, covers the development of skills foresights, scenarios and skills forecasts, and aims to support setting up skills forecasting systems at national level by means of quantitative and/or qualitative approaches. The guide is built on a number of experiences and case studies in both developed and developing countries. It proposes a set of instruments devised to help guide new initiatives in this area. Adapted to specific objectives and country contexts, elements of the methods described can be combined. The guide is intended specifically for countries which are starting to develop systems of skill needs anticipation. It provides information for sponsors and implementers of skill needs anticipation initiatives, such as policy-makers, education and training providers, public employment services, social partners and research and specialist organisations.

This guide, which is a part of the ETF, ILO and Cedefop series of guides on skills anticipation and matching, covers the development of skills foresights, scenarios and skills forecasts, and aims to support setting up skills forecasting systems at national level by means of quantitative and/or qualitative approaches. The guide is built on a number of experiences and case studies in both developed and developing countries. It proposes a set of instruments devised to help guide new initiatives in this area. Adapted to specific objectives and country contexts, elements of the methods described can be combined. The guide is intended specifically for countries which are starting to develop systems of skill needs anticipation. It provides information for sponsors and implementers of skill needs anticipation initiatives, such as policy-makers, education and training providers, public employment services, social partners and research and specialist organisations.

<p><span style="color: rgb(47, 47, 47); font-family: Verdana, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">The books&nbsp;main focus lies on the analysis of educational cooperation in the context of poverty reduction and economic assistance. The authors cover everything from the first programmes to a new generation of programmes yet to come. To order the book click <a href="http://www.hep-verlag.ch/exportartikel-berufsbildung" target="_blank"><font color="#2f2f2f" face="Verdana, Helvetica, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 12px;">he</span></font><font color="#2f2f2f" face="Verdana, Helvetica, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 12px;">re</span></font></a>.</span></p>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>The second edition of the Impact Evaluation in Practice handbook is a comprehensive and accessible introduction to impact evaluation for policy makers and development practitioners. First published in 2011, it has been used widely across the development and academic communities. The book incorporates real-world examples to present practical guidelines for designing and implementing impact evaluations. Readers will gain an understanding of impact evaluations and the best ways to use them to design evidence-based policies and programs. The updated version covers the newest techniques for evaluating programs and includes state-of-the-art implementation advice, as well as an expanded set of examples and case studies that draw on recent development challenges. It also includes new material on research ethics and partnerships to conduct impact evaluation. The handbook is divided into four sections: Part One discusses what to evaluate and why; Part Two presents the main impact evaluation methods; Part Three addresses how to manage impact evaluations; Part Four reviews impact evaluation sampling and data collection. Case studies illustrate different applications of impact evaluations. The book links to complementary instructional material available online, including an applied case as well as questions and answers. The updated second edition will be a valuable resource for the international development community, universities, and policy makers looking to build better evidence around what works in development.</p></div>

In addition to&nbsp;a&nbsp;profound analysis of recent trends in rural employment in Latin America, this ILO report includes also policy recommendations. The report is available in spanish and can be downloaded <a href="http://www.skillsforemployment.org/KSP/es/Details/?dn=WCMSTEST4_183882" target="_blank">here</a>.

<span style="font-size:12px;font-family: &quot;SourceSansPro Regular&quot;, &quot;Open Sans&quot;, Arial;">This ILO report focuses on analysing whether skills recognition improves skills utilization, reduces skills mismatch and alleviates unemployment, poverty and inequality. Please download the report <a href="http://www.skillsforemployment.org/KSP/en/Details/?dn=WCMSTEST4_183285" target="_blank" style="font-size: 12px;"><font face="SourceSansPro Regular, Open Sans, Arial" style="font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;">h</span></font><font face="SourceSansPro Regular, Open Sans, Arial" style="font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;">ere</span></font></a>.</span>

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<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>Presentation by Chantal Felder on Women&#39;s Economic Empowerment and Vocational Skills Development held at the regional F2F in Pristina in 2016-09.</p></div>

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Presentation on Skills in Rural Employment.

Ce glossaire bilingue français-anglais et anglais-français des termes de l'appui non financier aux entreprises et de la formation professionnelle a été créé pour les praticiens. Il est avant tout conçu comme un outil d'aide à la traduction, facilitant la compréhension du vocabulaire de référence, notamment pour les francophones qui souhaitent avoir accès aux ouvrages anglo-saxons. Il se compose de 42 fiches terminologiques dans les deux langues, d'un lexique d'une centaine de termes et d'une bibliographie commentée.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

Study on the experiences of dual VET approaches in the development cooperation of the four members by a group of experts headed by Matthias Jäger. The study was initiated on the basis of a survey of around 20 specialists. It describes various aspects of dual VET and shows the implications and experiences in development cooperation.

This edited book addresses a range of aspects of internationalization in vocational education and training (VET) in different countries. It considers the impact of internationalization and student mobility on VET at the sectoral, institutional and individual levels as the sector emerges as a key tool for social and structural change in developing nations and as a flexible and entrepreneurial means of growth in developed nations. The book explores not only the effects of the neo-liberal market principle underpinning VET practices and reforms, but importantly considers internationalization as a powerful force for change in vocational education and training.&nbsp;

This book seeks to examine the skills development agenda for youth&nbsp;by exploring two key questions for sustainable livelihoods: What are the skills needed for employability in developing countries, especially in Africa and Asia?&nbsp; And, what skills are currently possessed by students and secondary school leavers?

<p>‘The Swiss Confederation - a brief guide' contains information about Switzerland's political system, the administration and its judicial authorities. In addition to explaining the workings of the state it also provides an insight into the activities of the Federal Administration.</p><p>The Department of Foreign Affairs and its activities&nbsp;are presented on page 45 et seq.</p>

Caritas' new annual book series&nbsp;«Almanach Entwicklungspolitik» is dedicated to the broad topic&nbsp;of&nbsp;poverty and poverty reduction. The first edition focusses&nbsp;on VET.<br>

Description of the CAS course&nbsp;Transferring elemnts of swiss&nbsp;VET modules 2017.

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>In 2017 the Donor Committee for dual Vocational Education and Training (DC dVET) wants amongst others proactively promote the thematic exchange among its members in the countries of Western Balkans, the Republic of Moldova and South Caucasus as well as francophone countries of West Africa. The exchange includes a regional workshop in each of the regions, i.e. on the 27/28 June 2017 in Tirana (Albania) and in late November 2017 in Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso). In addition, the DC dVET is conducting a study in cooperation with Prof. Dr. D. Euler (University of St. Gallen) that reveals the roles and responsibilities of the private sector in dual VET and illustrates concrete experiences of its members in development cooperation. For more information see Information Letter 2017 or the DC dVET Website (<a href="https://www.dcdualvet.org/" target="_blank">www.dcdualvet.ch</a>).&nbsp;</p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p><strong>Updated Version 2022&nbsp;</strong>- For SDC, education is a priority theme and comprises both basic education and vocational skills development. The SDC Education Strategy sets out how we will reach this objective through our bilateral and multilateral engagement. It provides guidance to the SDC&rsquo;s South Cooperation, Cooperation with Eastern Europe, Global Cooperation as well as Humanitarian Aid and inspires the SDC&rsquo;s cooperation strategies and its global and multilateral programmes.</p></div>

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<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>The team from Handicap International produced a short and worth reading paper about their approach to achieve socioeconomic&nbsp; inclusion&nbsp;for&nbsp;victims of mine/explosive remnants of war (ERW) and persons with disabilities in the departments of Cauca, Nari&ntilde;o and C&oacute;rdoba of Colombia.&nbsp;</p><p>Both VSD and PSD elements are applied, and a participatory approach is practised.&nbsp;We are happy to distribute their work and would&nbsp;<span lang="EN-GB" style="line-height: 16.4067px;">encourage&nbsp;</span>other&nbsp;<span lang="EN-GB" style="line-height: 16.4067px;">practitioners&nbsp;</span>to share their experiences.</p></div>

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<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>E-discussion on YOUTH &ndash; summary of preliminary results of day one.</p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>Paper presented to the Swiss Development and Cooperation Agency Wednesday, 12 November 2014, Berne.</p><p>NQF policy proposals invariably consist of general design statements followed by claims as to what an NQF or NVQF will achieve. In other words, they tell the reader what a qualification framework is and what it is assumed it will achieve when implemented. What they do not address is the specific problems of the existing system and how developing an NQF or NVQF might help to overcome them. Instead, where frameworks are seen as desirable, policy makers should start by considering what qualifications can do, not all the problems in their system which they wish could be solved. Starting with a framework of outcomes and levels and then trying to make them &lsquo;proxies&rsquo; for skills is to invert the way that the most successful qualification systems have been developed.</p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>This short tool was developed to help SDC practitioners and SDC partners in dealing with national (vocational) qualifications frameworks, a mega-trend spreading around the world. It is a small first-aid kit, not a comprehensive presentation and analysis of the topic. It&nbsp;puts together the basic ideas of NQFs, provides you with key analytical questions to be asked and key features to be supported, identifies typical vested interests, weaknesses and pitfalls of NQFs, suggests strategies to follow when engaged in concrete situations, and provides ideas on further reading.</p></div>

E-discussion on YOUTH – summary of preliminary results of day two.

E-discussion on YOUTH – summary of preliminary results of day three.

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<span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;">E-discussion on YOUTH – summary of preliminary results of day four.</span>

<span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;">E-discussion on YOUTH – summary of preliminary results of five.</span>

<span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;">E-discussion on YOUTH – summary of preliminary results of day six.</span>

<span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;">E-discussion on YOUTH – summary of preliminary results of day seven.</span>

This strategic paper has been supported by the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC). It is a contribution to the preparation of the new 2018-2022 SDC strategy for Southern Africa. It aims at helping SDC to identify relevant themes and critical issues to better take into account young people in its programs related to food security and agriculture in the region.

The employment and income (e+i) network of the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SCD) hosted an e-discussion &nbsp;on youth-specific approaches in the context of VSD interventions. <span style="text-indent: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">The event took places between 19-30 June 2017 on the DGroup platform of the e+i VSD community.&nbsp;</span>This is the&nbsp;day by day documentation of the complete discussion.

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><div class="page" title="Page 2"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span style="font-size: 9pt;">In the dispatch on Switzerland&rsquo;s International Cooperation 2017 &ndash; 2020, VSD is identified as a key theme, alongside basic education. At the end of 2016, the SDC was implementing 54 core Vocational Skills Development (VSD) projects and Private Sector Development projects with significant VSD components.&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 12px;">This</span><span style="font-size: 9pt;">&nbsp;document provides more information about the 2016 VSD&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 12px;">portfolio</span><span style="font-size: 9pt;">&nbsp;and its characteristics.</span></p></div></div></div></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>On 4th September 2017, SDC hosted an event to present and discuss the book &ldquo;Exportartikel Berufsbildung?&rdquo; (Export Article VET?) &ndash; a new and highly recommended standard work for VSD professionals. This is the summary of the discussion during the event.&nbsp;</p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p><span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); letter-spacing: 0.3pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.2667px; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">These are the slides for the report:&nbsp;</span><span class="ng-binding" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.4px;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.2667px; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.3pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span><a href="https://www.shareweb.ch/site/EI/Documents/To%20SORT/Themes/VSD/SDC%20-%20Report%20-%20Analysis%20of%20the%20SDCs%20VSD%20Portfolio%202016%20-%202017(en).pdf?web=1" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="text-decoration-line: underline; outline: 0px;" target="_blank">The SDC&#39;s portfolio in Vocational Skills Development: Key figures 2016</a>.&nbsp;</span></span></span></p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); letter-spacing: 0.3pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">These are the slides for the report:&nbsp;</span><span class="ng-binding"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.3pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span ng-if="document.Title != undefined"><a href="https://www.shareweb.ch/site/EI/Documents/VSD/Projects/SDC%20-%20Report%20-%20Analysis%20of%20the%20SDCs%20VSD%20Portfolio%202016%20-%202017(en).pdf" ng-href="https://www.shareweb.ch/site/EI/Documents/VSD/Projects/SDC%20-%20Report%20-%20Analysis%20of%20the%20SDCs%20VSD%20Portfolio%202016%20-%202017(en).pdf" target="_blank">The SDC&#39;s portfolio in Vocational Skills Development: Key figures 2016</a><font color="#444444">. <strong>[Members only]</strong></font></span></span></span></p></div>

This publication presents a collection of articles on technical and vocational skills development in the informal sector (TVSD). It spotlights practical project examples from different countries, using different approaches. By doing this, the publication disseminates contributions to the 4th Bonn Conference on Adult Education and Development (BoCAED IV) that focuses on analysing the unique setting of Youth and Adult Education and non-formal learning in TVSD in the urban informal sector, highlighting the roles and responsibilities of the stakeholders involved and identifying best practices by fostering dialog.

In the context of renewed global interest in the development of vocational skills, policy makers in many countries as well as representatives of technical organisations often hope to reform existing training systems by borrowing models and policies that seem to work elsewhere. One of these prominent models is that of ‘National Qualifications Framework’, the use of which now spans the entire globe. On a much smaller scale, the ‘Dual Model’ of vocational training – a systematic combination of school and workplace-based learning that is common in a number of countries ...

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>the 2015 edition of the Global Inventory of Regional and National Qualifications Frameworks Volume II: National and Regional Cases serves as an observatory of progress made in the area of national qualifications frameworks (NQFs). Seven regional qualifications frameworks and the national cases of eighty-six countries, highlighted in the publication, illustrate that learning outcomes are useful tools for reforming education and training and promoting lifelong learning systems</p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>This is the report of an international research project conducted by the Skills and Employability Department of the ILO on the implementation of National Qualifications Frameworks (NQFs) and their use and impact. The research aimed to produce empirical evidence and analysis of countries&rsquo; experiences as a basis for advising countries on whether, and if so, then how, to introduce a qualifications framework as part of a strategy to achieve their wider skills development and employment goals.</p></div>

Presentation held on 2nd June 2015, Brussels

This report is the final outcome of a series of field surveys conducted in seven African countries, which are, in alphabetical order, Angola, Benin, Cameroon, Ethiopia, Morocco, Senegal and South Africa

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>Background paper prepared for the Education for All Global Monitoring Report 2012.</p><p><strong>Read it <a href="http://www.unesco.org/new/fileadmin/MULTIMEDIA/HQ/ED/pdf/gmr2012-ED-EFA-MRT-PI-08.pdf">here</a>.</strong></p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>International migration flows are not a new global trend. What is new is the number of refugees and internally displaced persons (IDPs) among these migrants. Around the world, more than 65 million people are currently displaced. That is almost 15 million more than three years ago (51.2 million in 2013).</p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>Based on a comprehensive approach that encompasses all forms of human mobility, the GPMFD ensures a coherent engagement on migration within the SDC and together with its partners in the Federal Administration. It allows consistent implementation of the humanitarian-development-peace nexus in line with Switzerland&rsquo;s foreign migration policy. The present GPMFD Programme Framework 2022&ndash;25 represents the strategic orientation of the SDC&rsquo;s engagement on migration. It focuses on the following three components: (i) safe labour migration, (ii) inclusion and social cohesion for migrants and their host communities, and (iii) migrants&rsquo; contribution to the sustainable development of their countries of origin.</p></div>

<p>The SaMi project addresses the needs of Nepali men and women who migrate tot theMiddle East and Southeast Asia on short term labor contracts. It facilitates access to relevant information, pre-departrue skills training, legal and psychosocial support​. </p><p>This tracer study summarises the results of the workers’ interviews and of the interactions with relevant parties (employers, training organisations, regulatory bodies) in the United Arab Emirates (chapters 3 and 4) and presents strategic recommendations (chapter 5) for the future position of SaMi in the area of vocational skills development.</p>

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<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>This publication marks a quarter of a century of EU youth programmes accompanied by EU youth policy. It brings together a range of views and highlights best practices with the aim of stimulating debate about what youth work and non-formal learning can contribute, alongside other sectors, to European education. From diverse viewpoints, it reviews EU cooperation in the field, points to successes and sets out possible future scenarios, particularly in the context of the Erasmus+ programme (2014-2020).</p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>Globally, 73 million youth are registered unemployed. Considering how many aren&rsquo;t registered, this number is actually much higher. 620 million are currently not in employment, education or training (NEET), according to the World Bank. Meanwhile, with 600 million young slated to enter the job market in the next decade &ndash; with only 200 million jobs awaiting them &ndash; the youth unemployment crisis is not projected to improve anytime soon. The post-2015 development agenda is prioritising decent work and economic growth in its Sustainable Development Goal 8, but &ldquo;promoting inclusive and sustainable economic growth, employment and decent work for all&rdquo; requires targeted solutions.</p></div>

This report provides up-to-date evidence on the link between labour market outcomes and educational attainment for the population of youth in low- and middle-income countries. Based on the school-to-work transitions surveys (SWTSs) run in 2012-2013, the report summarizes the education profile of youth, identifies patterns of qualifications mismatch measured in over- and undereducation and examines rates of return to education.

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The private sector-responsive vocational education model piloted by the Private Sector Development programme South Serbia and its partners has received national recognition and has been introduced into the newly drafted national legislation as a basis for reform. This document analyses why the the programme is by some referred to as the « best model for tailor made dual education outside of Switzerland »... [<a href="https://www.shareweb.ch/site/EI/Documents/VSD/Tools/Veeda_Case%20Study_Final%20draft%20290817_clean.pdf">more</a>].

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<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">The Toolkit is a resource to improve the design and implementation of apprenticeship systems and programmes. It provides examples of good practice from ILO constituents around the world and guidance for policy-makers and practitioners.</p><p><span lang="EN-GB"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><br></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-GB">The toolkit is very timely as it comes out at a time when policymakers and social partners are searching for responses to the rising youth unemployment rates. There is no one-size-fits-all answer to this situation; but policymakers are rediscovering, or discovering for the first time the importance of Quality Apprenticeships, which offer a tried and tested way of enabling young people to make the transition from the world of education to the world of work. However, many countries are facing challenges in establishing or scaling up apprenticeships. So, they are increasingly asking for advice of the ILO on ways in which to build up Quality Apprenticeship systems and programmes.</span></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><br></p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>Fragile Kontexte ver&auml;ndern die Art und Weise wie die Instrumente der klassischen Diplomatie und Entwicklungszusammenarbeit eingesetzt werden k&ouml;nnen. Eine empirisch informierte Auseinandersetzung mit der Wirkung von Fragilit&auml;t auf Ma&szlig;nahmen der internationalen Zusammenarbeit ist daher dringend geboten. Vor diesem Hintergrund fragt die Studie, wie Fragilit&auml;t von der deutschen Bundesregierung unterst&uuml;tzte Ma&szlig;nahmen der beruflichen Bildung beeinflusst.</p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>This is the November newsletter of the Interagency Group on Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET).</p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>People tend to associate the cost of a job with the salaries and benefits paid to a worker. But for that worker to be able to do something useful, he needs to have the equipment and presumably a place where to operate. The business hiring the worker most likely will have to buy insurance and pay for different types of permits, plus basic services such as water and ... [<a href="http://blogs.worldbank.org/jobs/how-much-does-it-cost-create-job?cid=SHR_BlogSiteShare_XX_EXT">more</a>]</p></div>

The 32nd issue of the UNEVOC Bulletin focuses on ‘ICTs in TVET’ and presents a selection of UNESCO-UNEVOC’s activities that have contributed in this them atic area and our other engagements during the last quarter of 2017. Please note that this edition of the Bulletin is available in all six UN languages on the UNEVOC Website:&nbsp;<span lang="EN-GB"><font color="#0563c1" style="line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 11px;"><a href="http://www.unevoc.unesco.org/bulletin/" target="_blank">http://www.unevoc.unesco.org/bulletin/</a>.</font></span>

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Are you in need of evidence-based arguments for dual VET? This CEMETS blog post provides some... [<a href="http://www.cemets.ethz.ch/cemets-news/2018/02/entry-20--apprenticeship-vs-school-based-vet.html">more</a>]

Which skills will be required on the labour market in the year 2030? This study risks a forecast for the USA and UK... [<a href="http://the_future_of_skills_employment_in_2030_0">more</a>]

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>The authors have used evidence from Germany, Switzerland and Austria to simulate the costs and benefits of an apprenticeship policy applied in an English context. In summary, this study analyses the question of whether an average English firm could expect a net benefit when training apprentices in a similar manner to Swiss firms but does not evaluate either current English apprenticeships or current policy measures... [<a href="https://www.shareweb.ch/site/EI/Documents/VSD/Resource%20Box/04-2018-ILO-Cost_benefit_study_England-2.pdf">more</a>]</p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>Coaching for employment - C4E aims at skills development and labour market facilitation of young unemployed job seekers in Albania. The project aims at increasing the local integration and employability chances of youth including those from marginalised groups through personal and professional innovative capacity building methodologies and action... [<a href="https://www.shareweb.ch/site/EI/Documents/VSD/Topics/Youth%20Employment/Swisscontact%20-%20Approach%20paper%20-%20C4EE%20Summary%20-%202018(en).pdf">more</a>]</p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>On the 6th of June 2018, the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation SDCinvited for its already second side-event in the run up to the international VPETCongress in Winterthur: the SDC VSD Day. With the aim to bring the particularities of the Swiss Dual System and SDC&rsquo;s engagement in Vocational Skills Development (VSD) a bit closer to the guests, a full day-program dedicated to VSD was organized... [<a href="https://www.shareweb.ch/site/EI/Documents/VSD/SDC%20-%20Summary%20-%20SDC%20Day%20VET%20Congress%20June%202018%20-%202018(en).pdf">more</a>]</p></div>

<p>The CEMETS Summer Institute is part of the <a href="http://www.r4d.ch/modules/employment" style="">Swiss Programme for Research for Global Issues for Development which has a focus on employment</a>. If you've you ever wondered if you should participate in the CEMETS Summer Institute of&nbsp;education system engineering, we've collected what this year's particpants they think about their participation... [<a href="https://www.shareweb.ch/site/EI/Documents/VSD/Resource%20Box/CEMETS%20Courses/CEMETS%20-%20Summer%20Institute%20-%20Collection%20of%20participant%20quotes%20-%202018(en).pdf">more</a>]</p><p><b>Additional context info</b>: Learn more about the Cemets Summer Institute <a href="stitute: http://www.cemets.ethz.ch/education/courses.html">here</a>. Visit the R4D website <a href="http://www.r4d.ch/modules/employment">here</a>.&nbsp;</p>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><h3>Final version of the report</h3><p>The 2019 World Development Report (WDR) studies the changes impacting work across different country contexts. The report reflects on jobs that are likely to disappear due to these forces of change, as well as new jobs that may emerge. It considers the implications for human capital in different contexts by analysing data on human capital accumulation in school and work. The Report also provides suggestions on how individuals, firms, society and governments can capture the opportunities this new world of work can offer... [<a href="http://www.worldbank.org/en/publication/wdr2019" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">more</a>]</p></div>

This report provides guidance on how policy makers can bolster local job creation and achieve sustainable inclusive growth, while meeting challenges such as youth unemployment, population ageing and climate change. Some of the key messages highlighted include the need to: Creating more and better quality jobs is key to boosting growth, reducing poverty and increasing social cohesion. At the national level, job creation requires a stable macroeconomic framework coupled with structural policies that encourage innovation, skills and business development. But how can national and local policies be better aligned and tailored to specific local opportunities and challenges... [<a href="http://www.skillsforemployment.org/KSP/en/Details/?dn=WCMSTEST4_125871">more</a>]

This report presents the main findings of the ILO survey on national initiatives to promote quality apprenticeships in the G20 member states. It was conducted between September and December 2017 as an ILO initiative to take stock of and widely share good practices in this area... [<a href="http://www.skillsforemployment.org/KSP/en/Details/?dn=EDMSP1_219025">more</a>]

The Fourth Industrial Revolution, which includes developments in robotics, nanotechnology, 3D printing and biotechnology, will cause widespread disruption not only to business models but also to labour markets over the next five years, with enormous change predicted in the skill sets needed to thrive in the new landscape. This report aims to unpack and provide specific information on the relative magnitude of these trends by industry and geography, and on the expected time horizon for their impact to be felt on job functions, employment levels and skills... [<a href="http://www.skillsforemployment.org/KSP/en/Details/?dn=WCMSTEST4_162858">more</a>]

The report details Cedefop’s first cross-nation study of apprenticeships in the European Union. The point of departure for the study is what countries define and offer as apprenticeship training. It then applies a purposive approach to identifying the changes that apprenticeships are undergoing in practice, based on their design characteristics... [<a href="http://www.cedefop.europa.eu/en/publications-and-resources/publications/4166">more</a>]

<p>New and emerging forms of ‘non-standard’ employment are coming to dominate young people’s early labour market experiences. Amongst these, internships are increasingly becoming an integral part of the school-to-work transition. Yet little is known about their effectiveness in providing a bridge to longer term employment and/or employability. The paper builds on existing ILO work on contractual arrangements for young people undertaken by the Youth Employment Programme, and focuses on the impact of internships on young people’s labour market experiences. </p><p> The paper reviews the existing evidence and analyses primary survey data collected by the European Commission and the Fair Internship Initiative (FII) in order to assess the design features which contribute to better internships... [<a href="http://www.skillsforemployment.org/KSP/en/Details/?dn=EDMSP1_223024">more</a>]</p>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>Chapter I argues for learning from traditional training systems and identifies aspects of the &quot;crisis of vocational training&quot; that influence the effectiveness of self-employment training programmes.&nbsp;</p><p>Chapter II comprises case studies which examine the working practices of three successful vocational training for self-employment programmes</p><p>Chapter III offers a brief overview of pertinent best practice in small enterprise development, and explores a number of the design issues which influence the success of vocational training for self-employment programmes.</p><p>Chapter IV is a response to Professor King&#39;s call for practical solutions to pressing problems. This concluding chapter opens with a summary of the basic characteristics of successful vocational training for self-employment programmes.</p></div>

This practical Policy Resource Guide is the first initiative to bring together a synthesis of knowledge, policy innovations and good practices facilitating transition to formality.

This field survey about the traits of the informal vocational apprenticeship, its mechanims, rules, inputs and outputs was conducted on a group of MSEs in Greater Cairo Region (GCR).

<p>This book looks at the experience of skills development in five African countries, Ghana, Kenya, Nigeria, Rwanda, and Tanzania, that together account for one-third of the nearly 900 million people living in Sub-Saharan Africa. </p><p><b> Read it <a href="http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/736731468194635805/Improving-skills-development-in-the-informal-sector-strategies-for-Sub-Saharan-Africa">here</a>.</b></p>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>This working paper theoretical, and policy debates on the informal economy. It gives a brief historical overview of the informal sector concept and related debates and then turns to recent rethinking of the concept, detailing the expanded statistical concept of informal employment and holistic conceptual models of the composition and causes of informality.</p><p>Read it <a href="http://www.wiego.org/publications/informal-economy-definitions-theories-and-policies">here</a>.</p></div>

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<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>The public Swiss television broadcaster SRF produced a short documenntary the VSD project in Myanmar... [<a href="https://www.srf.ch/play/tv/mitenand/video/burma-besseres-leben-dank-ausbildung-im-tourismus-sektor?id=0b4e79d1-875f-46f5-a788-72a0f1ddd7b0">more</a>]</p></div>

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<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>Cette introduction s&#39;adresse aux praticiens de l&#39;EFP dans la coop&eacute;ration au d&eacute;veloppement qui souhaitent mieux comprendre et analyser le fonctionnement des syst&egrave;mes d&#39;EFP et la mani&egrave;re dont leurs diff&eacute;rents &eacute;l&eacute;ments sont li&eacute;s entre eux.</p></div>

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<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage">VSD usually requires multi-stakeholder cooperation, because it involves different Ministries and the private sector, thus governance is a particularly challenging issue in this domain. This <strong>add-on to the VSD Typology highlights selected Governance issues&nbsp;</strong>in vocational skills development (VSD).</div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><h3>English</h3><p>Engaging with the Private Sector (EPS) is the SDC&rsquo;s modality to develop partnerships at eye level with Swiss, international and domestic companies, social enterprises, impact investors and grant-giving foundations. The definition of EPS refers to joint activities of the SDC and the enterprise sector with a formal collaborative arrangement. &gt;&gt; <a href="https://www.shareweb.ch/site/EI/Documents/VSD/Tools/SDC%20VSD%20Project%20typology%20tool%20%20Add-on%20EPS%20Version%202019-03%20%28en%29.pdf?web=1">more</a></p><h3>Francaise</h3><p>L&rsquo;engagement avec le secteur priv&eacute; (ESP) correspond &agrave; l&rsquo;approche adopt&eacute;e par la DDC pour &eacute;tablir des partenariats &laquo; d&rsquo;&eacute;gal &agrave; &eacute;gal &raquo; avec des soci&eacute;t&eacute;s priv&eacute;es, des entreprises sociales, des investisseurs et des fondations donatrices qui op&egrave;rent &agrave; l&rsquo;&eacute;chelle nationale ou internationale. &gt;&gt; <a href="https://www.shareweb.ch/site/EI/Documents/VSD/Tools/SDC%20DCP%20Typologie%20des%20projets%20%20Add-on%20EPS%202019-03%20%28fr%29.pdf?web=1">lire plus</a></p><h1>For all VSD typology documents <a href="https://www.shareweb.ch/site/EI/Pages/VSD/Documents%20VSD%20typology.aspx">click here</a>.</h1></div>

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<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>Responding to the need for a better structured and guided project application and assessment process, in which specific VSD challenges are properly addressed from the very beginning, the e+i network developed these guidelines. Their goal is to provide additional support and ensure high quality in the development of entry and credit proposals.</p></div>

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<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>This report documents cross-country findings from analysis conducted by World Bank staff working on Jobs Diagnostics. It identifies some key insights for policy makers to take into account when designing policies and programs for inclusive growth. The findings are drawn from three different sources. The macroeconomic section analyzes data for over 16,000 overlapping episodes of economic growth in 125 countries. The labor supply section analyzes labor data from the latest household surveys in 150 countries around the world. The firm-level analysis draws on business data from countries for which&mdash;at the time of writing&mdash;the World Bank had conducted a Jobs Diagnostic [<a href="https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/30594" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">more</a>]</p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>The Education &ndash; Training &ndash; Work &amp; Employment Continuum in Development cooperation<br>FIVE CASE STUDIES UNDER SCRUTINY:<br>DOES THE NOTION OF CONTINUUM OPEN TRANSFORMATIVE PERSPECTIVES FOR THE RE-INTEGRATION OF THE EXCLUDED FROM EDUCATION, TRAINING, WORK &amp; EMPLOYMENT? FIRST EVIDENCE FROM THE FIELD</p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>DOES A CONTINUUM OPEN TRANSFORMATIVE PERSPECTIVES FOR THE RE-INTEGRATION OF THE EXCLUDED FROM EDUCATION, TRAINING, WORK &amp; EMPLOYMENT? FIRST EVIDENCE FROM THE FIELD</p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>(from page 8)</p><p>Cambodia aspires to reach upper-middle income status by 2030 and high-income status by 2050. One of the strategies to achieve this is transforming and modernising the production base from low-skill labour-intensive to high-skill technology-intensive industry. The realisation of these goals will depend on having a well-educated and well-trained workforce. Studies have shown that, in addition to quality education at all levels, technical and vocational education and training (TVET) is indispensable to upgrade workforce skills and that a skilled workforce helps sustain economic growth even in times of crisis. A large majority of the Cambodian workforce is concentrated in low-skill sectors such as agriculture and garment production and the number and quality of skilled workers produced by TVET providers still fall short of demand. It is therefore imperative that Cambodia strengthens its TVET to ensure the availability of a highly skilled workforce to support industrial transformation.<br><br></p><p><br></p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>Using the notion of continuum implies discontinuities between constituting entities, regardless of the scope. This Study hypothesizes that these discontinuities create all kinds of problems in the fields of Education, Training and Work &amp; Employment if they are not embedded in a continuum - the assumption being that these discontinuities create and reinforce Exclusion and Inequality for the Excluded. The Continuum should allow these Excluded to &ldquo;travel&rdquo; in any component of the Continuum at any time and in any order. It means that they have the open possibility to acquire values, skills and knowledge proposed by the multiplicity of public and private stakeholders belonging to the Continuum... [<a href="https://www.reseau-education.ch/sites/default/files/docs/continuum_study_reci_2019.pdf" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">more</a>]</p><p><br></p><p>There is also an executive summary available: <a href="https://www.reseau-education.ch/sites/default/files/docs/continuum_ex_sum_reci_2019_0.pdf" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">link</a>.</p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>These country profiles are a part of the World TVET Database, an online repository developed by UNESCO-UNEVOC aimed at providing concise, reliable and up-to-date information on TVET systems worldwide. The Country Profiles are the result of a collaboration between UNESCO-UNEVOC and the TVET stakeholders in each country, particularly the UNEVOC Network Members. &gt;&gt; <a href="https://unevoc.unesco.org/yem/YEM+-+Country+Profiles" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">more</a></p></div>

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<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>The discussion note published by the Donor Committee for dual VET (DC dVET) aims to fostering the discussion on the topic in the context of development cooperation. It offers basic information and outlines a set of key questions that help structuring the analysis of a specific country/context. &gt;&gt; <a href="https://www.dcdualvet.org/en/topics-experiences/engaging-the-business-sector/financial-incentives/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">more</a></p></div>

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<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p><br><a href="https://www.shareweb.ch/site/EI/Documents/VSD/VSD%20Resource%20Box/190816_Stakeholder_CH-BB_FINAL.pdf"><img 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" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-fir" style="width: 131px;"></a>This mapping shall serve the SDC and its partners in the new EU member states to identify Swiss expertise and potential Swiss partners in the thematic field of vocational and professional education and training, and to a limited extent also in the field of labour market insertion as these two systems are closely interlinked. The mapping was commissioned by the SDC Division New EU Member States and was developed by Franz Kehl and Basil Schl&auml;pfer from KEK-CDC Consultants. &gt;&gt; <a href="https://www.shareweb.ch/site/EI/Documents/VSD/VSD%20Resource%20Box/190816_Stakeholder_CH-BB_FINAL.pdf" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">more</a></p></div>

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<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) is a widely used approach for assessing whether the benefits of a particular action are greater than its costs over a given period of time.&nbsp;This also applies to VSD: In the application and assessment of a new project idea as well as in monitoring and project evaluations we would like to know if the expected benefits (for example: higher incomes for graduates) are greater than the costs of the project.</p><p>Therefore, a working aid and this rather simple Excel workbook have been developed. Their aim is to support SDC program officers, project implementers, consultants and other stakeholders in assessing costs and benefits of VSD interventions, be it in the planning stage of a project (ex ante), for monitoring purposes (ex inter) or as part of a mid-term or end of phase evaluation (ex post).&nbsp;</p><p>Both documents are currently available as beta-versions that need further testing and discussion. We (Andrea Inglin of the e+i focal point and Roman Troxler of the VSD backstopping team) would be happy to get your feedback with regards to its user-friendliness and applicability in your contexts.</p><p>&gt;&gt; have a look at the <a href="https://www.shareweb.ch/site/EI/Documents/VSD/Tools/2020%20CBA-WorkingAid_beta_version.pdf">Working Aid</a></p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p><strong>Vocational Skills Development (VSD)</strong> is a cornerstone of Swiss development cooperation. This paper aims to help SDC operations to clearly define the approach and orientation of their VSD interventions, to select the right partners, and thus to manage their Project (Portfolio) in line with the relevant SDC strategies, the policy goals of partner countries, and professional standards. The paper also supports the formulation of realistic and plausible expectations predominantly regarding the outcomes and Impact of VSD projects across time.</p><p>The <strong>translation&nbsp;</strong>of the SDC VET Typology Tool into Romanian and Russian was organized by the co-financed GIZ VET project in Moldova.</p><p>An <strong>english</strong>, <strong>french and romanian version</strong> and <strong>topic specific add-ons</strong> are available &gt;&gt;<a href="https://www.shareweb.ch/site/EI/Pages/VSD/Documents%20VSD%20typology.aspx" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">here</a>.</p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>Vocational Skills Development (VSD) is a cornerstone of Swiss development cooperation. This paper aims to help SDC operations to clearly define the approach and orientation of their VSD interventions, to select the right partners, and thus to manage their Project (Portfolio) in line with the relevant SDC strategies, the policy goals of partner countries, and professional standards. The paper also supports the formulation of realistic and plausible expectations predominantly regarding the outcomes and Impact of VSD projects across time.</p><p>The translation of the SDC VET Typology Tool into Romanian and Russian was organized by the co-financed GIZ VET project in Moldova.</p><p>Further information:<strong>&nbsp;</strong>An <strong>english</strong>, <strong>french and russian version</strong> and <strong>topic specific add-ons</strong> are available <a href="https://www.shareweb.ch/site/EI/Pages/VSD/Documents%20VSD%20typology.aspx" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">here</a>.</p></div>

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<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>This note offers the ILO&rsquo;s preliminary assessment concerning the possible impacts of COVID-19 on the world of work and proposes a range of policy options to mitigate these impacts and facilitate strong and fast recovery.</p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>This case study describes how &quot;Skills for Jobs &quot;(S4J) launched and developed an apprenticeship system that meets the requirements of the private sector and describes the results in terms of graduates being more employable. This case also highlights how the program developed an appropriate monitoring system and how the program assesses the impact of this intervention, while dealing with attribution in this challenging context. We hope that different programs and stakeholders will be inspired by the learning acquired in the S4J program, both in terms of designing and managing sustainable interventions in VET and in terms of the ways in which an appropriate Monitoring and Results Measurement system helps to manage interventions and report credible impact.</p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>Slides of the presentation of the SDC-project &ldquo;Skills for Jobs&rdquo;, implemented by SWISSCONTACT. It shows how a VET project is coping successfully with the challenges of the COVID-19 crisis.</p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage">Questions and Answers to the Webinar &quot;Home-based VET in Albania&quot;</div><p><br></p><p>&gt;&gt; Read more about the <a href="https://www.shareweb.ch/site/ei/Pages/Content/newsdetail.aspx?ItemID=1617" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Webinar&nbsp;</a></p><p>&gt;&gt; Read the <a href="https://www.shareweb.ch/site/EI/Documents/VSD/Topics/Technology%20enhanced%20learning/S4J%20Webinaire%20Questions%20et%20R%C3%A9ponses.pdf" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">French Version</a></p>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p><strong>Kick-off webinar ICT4VET Community of Practice &ndash; our response to COVID-19</strong></p><p>In this webinar we will start elaborating an overview of distance learning solutions and implementation approaches to tackle the challenge of maintaining VET under COVID-19 restrictions. The output of this webinar will form the basis for our future COP activities.</p><p><a href="https://www.shareweb.ch/site/EI/Pages/Content/Event-Detail.aspx?ItemID=1994" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">&gt;&gt; Read more</a> and join us on the <strong>7th and 8th of May!</strong></p></div>

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<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage">Presentation of the ICT4VET Corona-19 CoP Kick-off: overview of design and implementation aspects</div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage">On 23 April 2020, DCdVET organized an interesting Webinar on Dual VET in Development Cooperation - Key Elements and Principles.&nbsp;</div><p>No worries, if you missed it: &gt;&gt; Have a look at the slides and the <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=4&v=6kIsVtqob_Y&feature=emb_logo" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">recording</a>!</p><div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><br><br></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage">Kick-off: overview of design and implementation aspects</div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>Vocational skills development (VSD) supports individual development and is a powerful tool to integrate migrants and forcibly displaced populations into local economies and societies. The better educated and trained migrants are, the more they can take advantage of the opportunities migration offers and the greater the benefits for both countries of destination as well as countries of origin. &nbsp;Migration and VSD are both important topics of the Dispatch on Switzerland&rsquo;s International Cooperation 2021-24. This working tool brings the two topics together. It offers a structured analysis process that helps you to better integrate migrants into your VSD programs, or to use VSD as an intervention strategy in migration projects. The tool was developed jointly by the SDC Networks Employment and Income as well as Migration and Development.</p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p><strong>New working aid on the use of indicators in VSD</strong></p><p>IED TRI 3, EDU ARI 2, VSD-COI&hellip; is it all Greek to you? To facilitate the management of your VSD projects we have reacted to the new SDC Guidance on Results Indicators (published in April) and revised the VSD Working Aid accordingly. All Aggregated Reference Indicators (ARIs), Thematic Reference Indicators (TRIs) and context-specific Common Outcome Indicators (COIs) relevant for skills development are summarised and the most important indicators per project type are shown. Helpful? We are looking forward to your feedback! I</p><p>Watch this very short <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2U1ddrwTuNc" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><strong>video&nbsp;</strong></a>explaining the rational of the working aid.&nbsp;</p><p><a href="https://www.shareweb.ch/site/EI/Documents/HowTo/Result%20Measurement/20220210_Working%20Aid_PSD-FSD_220318.pdf?web=1" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><strong>Working aid</strong></a> Result measurement in PSD and FSD programmes.</p><p><a href="https://www.shareweb.ch/site/EI/Pages/VSD/VSD-Reference-Indicators.aspx" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"></a></p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>Students from economically and socially vulnerable groups make up more than one-third of the graduates of vocational education and training (VET) programs in Georgia, according to new research. The study, prepared by UNDP in partnership with the Ministry of Education, Science, Culture and Sport and the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC), is the first-ever attempt to analyze the socio-economic status of vocational students in Georgia, examine whether vocational education and training lead to employment and explore the linkages between vocational training and the labor market.</p><p>&gt;&gt; Read the full <a href="http://georgiatoday.ge/news/21388/Vocational-Training-Offers-Pathway-to-Employment-for-Low-income-Youth-in-Georgia" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">news article</a> on the study on Georgia Today</p><p><br></p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>Example to illustrate how the SDC co-financed GIZ project reached out to dual VET students in Moldova.</p></div>

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<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>The causal effects of vocational skills development were analysed by a team of experts and described in this draft paper to be discussed with VSD practitioners during the webinar &quot;Theories of Change for VSD in light of Switzerland&rsquo;s international cooperation strategy 2021-2024&rdquo;, taking place on the 7th and 8th of September 2020. &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; </p><p>Michael Morlok and Harald Meier explain how they used the innovative the COM-B model to develop generalised Theory of Change for VSD projects, highlighting the pathways from training to increased productivity, enterprise development and poverty reduction. Then it becomes hands-on and we discusswhich aspects you should consider when developing specific Theories of Change for SDC projects- and how best to do so.&nbsp;</p><p><br></p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>French Slides to the Webinar</p><p>&quot;Theories of Change for VSD in light of Switzerland&rsquo;s international cooperation strategy 2021-2024&rdquo; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;</p><p>Monday, 07.09.2020, 09:00 HRS (Swiss time)</p><p>Tuesday, 08.09.2020, 15:30 HRS (Swiss time)</p></div>

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<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>As the metal processing sector in Kosovo grapples with the repercussions of COVID 19, SDC helps establish<br>innovative on the go welding training and certification venture slated to aid the welding industry navigate<br>COVID 19 disruptions employ qualified staff, and improve the resilience of manufacturing firms.</p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p><strong>SDG Open Hack@Tsinghua University as part of the Geneva-Tsinghua Initiative&nbsp;</strong></p><p>SDC together with the Embassy of Switzerland in Beijing supported the SDG Open Hack! Organized by the University of Tsinghua on 29 November 2020, as part of the Geneva-Tsinghua Initiative. During 24 hours over 1800 participants were innovating in the frame of Agenda 2030. Let&rsquo;s make sustainable development happen!</p><ul><li><a href="https://www.shareweb.ch/site/EI/Documents/VSD/SDG%20Open%20Hack@Tsinghua%20University%202020.pdf" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Have a look at the presentation</a></li><li><a href="https://www.shareweb.ch/site/EI/Documents/VSD/EDU-Fund%20SDG-Hackathon.pdf" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Have a look at the summary report</a></li></ul></div>

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<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>In late 2020 the e+i backstopping team has developed a comprehensive slide deck on Private Sector Engagment (PSE) in VSD. This slide deck elaborates on the different levels of collaboration with the private sector on system level and within PSE projects &ndash; and it presents lessons learned from 14 of our VSD projects.</p><p>The slide deck will be presented in a global webinar on 16th March 2021 (invitations will be sent out mid-Februrary). Further presentations/Q&amp;A sessions in the context e.g. of regional exchange events or team meetings are warmly encouraged and the e+i focal point and backstoppers are ready to support you.</p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>Work is the main way to achieve full participation in society and promote equal opportunities and in the case of people with intellectual disabilities, this becomes especially important as promote autonomy, self-regulation and economic independence. To contribute to inclusion, the Formaci&oacute;n T&eacute;cnica Profesional Project in Bolivia has created a Support Guide for Labour Inclusion for companies, that will allow the employer to assess the skills and abilities.</p><p>The Guide is also accessible <a href="https://formaciontecnicabolivia.org/sites/default/files/publicaciones/guia_de_inclusion_laboral_digital_alta.pdf" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">online</a>.</p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage">At the end of 2019 Nestle and SDC initiated and jointly fund and steer a project that strengthens INFOCAL Santa Cruz, a private non-profit centre created by the National Enterprise Chamber of Bolivia.</div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage">The PROMOST (Promoting Market Oriented Skills and Trainings) project supports the Governments of Rwanda, Burundi and the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) to improve access, quality and relevance of their respective Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) systems and is currently in its third implementation phase. Within PROMOST, the Private Sector provides the professional teachers &laquo;Maitres Artisans Formateurs&raquo; (MAF), a contribution to the consultation process on a VSD based PPP-system as well as opportunities for apprenticeships and jobs.</div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>Andrea Inglin, Senior Advisor VSD at the e+i Focal Point summarizes some key findings of the slide deck on PSE in VSD, in an interview with Roman Troxler, co-author of the slide deck.</p><p><a href="https://www.shareweb.ch/site/EI/Documents/VSD/Private%20Sector%20Participation/VSD%20and%20PSE%20preview_small.mov?web=1" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><strong>Have a look at the video!</strong></a></p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>SBFI - The State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation SERI within the Federal Department of Economic Affairs, Education and Research EAER is the federal government&#39;s specialised agency for national and international matters concerning education, research and innovation policy.</p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>SDC and its partners have supported <strong>several hundred thousand learners&nbsp;</strong>who were excluded from educational opportunities due to Covid-19 restrictions. In over 20 projects on four continents, <strong>pioneering teams&nbsp;</strong>have implemented innovative digital solutions in supporting vulnerable learners in basic education, vocational training, and lifelong learning.</p><p>This <strong>Technical guide&nbsp;</strong>provides practitioners in the field and decision makers with practical advice on how to develop effective and sustainable ICT-based educational solutions for inclusive learning. You can learn how to use information and communication technologies (ICT) to support participative learning.</p></div>

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<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p><strong>Education faces new challenges &ndash; reaching vulnerable learners in new ways of digital learning</strong></p><p>Since Spring 2020 the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC) has reached, together with its partners, several hundred thousand learners who were excluded from educational opportunities, due to Covid-19 restrictions. Some 20 pioneering teams have implemented innovative solutions on four continents, using digital technologies.</p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>Switzerland actively pursues international cooperation in vocational and professional education and training (IC-VPET) with partner countries in several policy areas. Greater attention is being given to such cooperation at inter-governmental level and within international organisations. This demand and the need to coordinate efforts over several policy areas prompted the <strong>State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (SERI)</strong> to create the IC-VPET website.</p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p><strong>Vocational education and training is a central element of the Swiss education system</strong> and has recently gained considerable importance in international cooperation. FoBBIZ was founded with the aim of promoting active exchange between these two domains. On the one hand, the VET expertise of Swiss players can be made internationally fruitful, and on the other hand, Swiss VET can also benefit greatly from international trends and developments. </p></div>

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<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>In 2017, SDC launched the Education Strategy (ES) in line with the goals of the dispatch 2017-2020 and beyond.&nbsp;</p><p>After three years of implementation, and before the new IC Strategy 2021-24 took effect, SDC commissioned an external evaluation of the education strategy. Despite considerable differences in the overall use and perception of the ES across the organization, there is a consensus that the ES, together with the dispatch 2017-2020 and the target to increase commitments to education by 50%, were instrumental to make education a prominent sector within SDC. For implementation, the ES served more for inspiration and conceptual clarity than for directly influencing programming decisions. For this purpose, the ES is often considered to be too broad to orient decision-making and implementation.</p><p>The document includes the Management Response.&nbsp;</p><p><a href="https://www.shareweb.ch/site/EI/Documents/VSD/2022-01_Presentation%20findings%20SDC%20Education%20Strategy.pdf?web=1" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><strong>Link&nbsp;here</strong></a> to the presentation of the key findings.</p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>In 2017, SDC launched the Education Strategy (ES) in line with the goals of the dispatch 2017-2020 and beyond. After three years of implementation, and before the new IC Strategy 2021-24 took effect, SDC commissioned an external evaluation of the education strategy.&nbsp;</p><p>This is the <strong>presentation of the key findings</strong> during the webinar on 26 January 2022.</p><p><a href="https://www.shareweb.ch/site/EI/Documents/VSD/Evaluation%20SDC%20Education%20Strategy_2021.pdf?web=1" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><strong>Link&nbsp;here</strong></a>&nbsp;to the report of the external review.</p><p><br></p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>The <strong>Global Education Monitoring Report (GEM Report 2021)</strong> has just been launched at the global level at the RewirEd Summit 2021. It is dedicated to non-state actors in education and aims to broaden the debate on the multiple ways in which non-state actors are involved in education systems - providing education, delivering additional services, influencing the functioning and financing of education systems.</p></div>

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<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>This <strong>introduction paper and guidance</strong> is made for Vocational Education and Training (VET) practitioners, donors and implementing partners in development cooperation who want to better understand and analyse how VET systems function and how their different elements interrelate. It shall therefore&hellip;</p><p>- <strong>introduce&nbsp;</strong>those working in VET projects and institutions into VET systems thinking and provide them with a basic understanding and analytical dimensions;</p><p>- <strong>improve&nbsp;</strong>the quality of the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC)&rsquo;s VET interventions based on a better understanding of VET systems;</p><p>-&nbsp;<strong>provide&nbsp;</strong>input for SDC&rsquo;s position in the discussion about systemic approaches to VET systems development and reform.</p><p><br></p><p>Updated version April 2022</p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage">This presentation was used for the webinar on March 3rd 2022 on EFA for IED NPOs in the Western Balkans. The main focus of the presentation and webinar were the economic and financial analyses in SDC.</div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>Picture the classic Market Systems Development (MSD) donut. Supply and demand in the middle, with the juicy bits buried around the edges in the elusive supporting functions, rules and norms. Hidden away in the sprinkled list of functions is often the word &lsquo;skills&rsquo;. Or perhaps &lsquo;training&rsquo;, &lsquo;information&rsquo; or &lsquo;human resources&rsquo;. This reflects the mainstream view of the need for improved skills in market systems: skills are potentially important, but they are one of many leverage points. Our argument, in this blog post, is that skills are much more than just a supporting function. Skills Development systems have their own complex dynamics, with different actors, values and norms at play. To elaborate, we highlight one key lesson from a deep dive analysis of more than 15 Skills Development projects.</p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage">Starting in June 2022, the SDC has hosted a&nbsp;<strong>series of online webinars on the topic of VET system development</strong>. These webinars have been organised in both English and French. &nbsp;</div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>This report documents the evaluation of the Nepal Cooperation Strategy 2018-22 from the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC). The evaluation entailed a qualitative inquiry into the development effectiveness of the Cooperation Strategy. Its purpose was to inform the formulation of the new Nepal Cooperation Program 2023-26. The evaluation was conducted by two external evaluators and two SDC staff.</p><p>Check ou the findings and recommendations of the <strong>bilateral inclusive economic development programmes in Nepal</strong>.</p><p><br></p></div>

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<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>In 2019, SDC launched the Education Fund &#39;Innovation meets Education&#39;. This initiative was part of the SDC&#39;s increased commitment to education and a contribution to the implementation of its Thematic Guidance on Basic Education and Vocational Skills Development, launched in 2017. The aim of the Education Fund was to incentivise innovation and new approaches in basic education and vocational skills development.</p><p>This case collection presents in <strong>a nutshell the innovations that were developed and the key strengths</strong> from which we can learn. The purpose is to provide a rapid overview and to give you easy access to further resources, should you wish to go deeper and learn from specific innovations.</p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>The present report, which was approved by the Federal Council on 4 November 2020, is a thematic follow-up strategy to the Foreign Policy Strategy 2020&ndash;23 (FPS 2020&ndash;23). &nbsp;</p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>This Policy Brief outlines what constitutes a dual system and how this compares to other systems.</p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage">The guidelines aim to advise SDC staff and partners how to identify and make use of the interlinkages between BE and VSD to equip people with the skills they need to develop both as an individual and as a member of society and to access productive employment. The guide shows why a combination of basic education and vocational skills are needed for decent work4 and for inclusive, sustainable economic development, and how the SDC can operationalise BE&ndash;VSD interlinkages in the context of education, vocational education and training (VET), inclusive economic development, or programmes in other fields, e.g. migration, that aim to prepare people for labour market integration.</div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>In many countries, academic education and vocational training pathways evolve in silos. Consequences: academic and general education pathways are the only option to &ldquo;climb the ladder&rdquo; within the system; vocational and technical education and training are limited and devalued; non formal and informal learning are not recognised; the education system lacks inclusivity and faces difficulties to respond to the needs of the labour market.</p><p>This report examines the various permeability models and ways on how to increase the &ldquo;permeability&rdquo; of education and training systems by building more bridges and ladder at the different levels with case examples from Nepal, Serbia and Benin.&nbsp;</p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>The fifth trend report by the Swiss Observatory for Vocational Education and Training OBS SFUVET considers the latest developments in vocational education and training (VET) from an international perspective. It shows that developments in Switzerland differ significantly from those in other European countries. Switzerland is currently the country with the highest share of dual-track VET students on the upper secondary level. What are the advantages and challenges associated with this special pathway?</p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>This updated&nbsp;<strong>VSD Factsheet</strong> provides an overview of the opportunities and challenges in vocational education and training, SDC&#39;s approaches to promote vocational skills development in its projects, the partners , as well as project examples and facts and figures. &nbsp;</p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p><span>After the first DC dVET <strong>Policy Brief on VET Systems &amp; Terminology: A Classification and Clarification</strong> (see&nbsp;</span><a href="https://www.shareweb.ch/site/EI/Documents/VSD/DC-dVET-Policy-Brief_VET-Systems-and-Terminology_Final.pdf" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><span>here</span></a><span>)<strong>,</strong> DC dVET has recently published a new one on <strong>Dual VET in Development Cooperation: Key Elements, Success Factors, Opportunities and Limitations.</strong> This policy brief highlights the elements of dual VET to be considered in development cooperation in order to generate advantages for partner countries. It illustrates opportunities and limitations as well as key success factors.</span></p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>The Swiss Federal University for Vocational Education and Training SFUVET is Switzerland&rsquo;s expert organisation for vocational education and training. We offer basic and continuing training to VET professionals, conduct VET research, contribute to the development of occupations and support international cooperation in vocational and professional education and training.</p></div>

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<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>La Estrategia de Cooperaci&oacute;n Internacional (CI) 2021-24 de Suiza prev&eacute; una reducci&oacute;n gradual de la cooperaci&oacute;n bilateral con Am&eacute;rica Latina y el Caribe (ALC) hasta 2024. En este contexto, la Divisi&oacute;n Am&eacute;rica Latina y el Caribe de la COSUDE ha iniciado un esfuerzo de gesti&oacute;n del conocimiento institucional para acompa&ntilde;ar la salida de ALC.</p><p>En este sentido, el primer resultado clave de esta capitalizaci&oacute;n de experiencias es que los cuatro proyectos examinados han iniciado y apoyado desarrollos y cambios en los pa&iacute;ses socios en los &uacute;ltimos a&ntilde;os, que han podido mejorar de manera sostenible los respectivos sistemas de formaci&oacute;n profesional.</p><p>Sin embargo, los seis ejemplos presentados en este informe representan s&oacute;lo una parte de los impactos sist&eacute;micos logrados por los proyectos. Al seleccionar y compilar los ejemplos, se tuvo cuidado de cubrir la mayor variedad posible de diferentes componentes e innovaciones de sistemas de formaci&oacute;n profesional y evitar duplicaciones.</p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage">The Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC) commissioned orange &amp; teal to<br>conduct an experience capitalisation (CAPEX) of SDC&rsquo;s efforts with regard to improving Basic<br>Education and Vocational Training (BVET) in Mongolia between 2013 and 2022. The CAPEX<br>consists of two parts: First, a meta-analysis, and second, thematic deep dives leading to audio<br>and visual capitalisation products for dissemination. This report is the product of the first part.<br>The purpose of the meta-analysis is to describe SDC&rsquo;s BVET interventions in terms of approach,<br>results, and sustainability in a very condensed fashion. To this end, the interventions are captured<br>in short &ldquo;thematic narratives&rdquo;. Taken together, they give a sectorial overview of SDC&rsquo;s<br>achievements in the BVET domain. The narratives are oriented along SDC&rsquo;s Thematic Guidance1<br>which comprises six mutually reinforcing strategic themes2&nbsp;and corresponding lines of<br>intervention</div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage">This factsheet comprises an overview of &nbsp;the project, inlcuding an outline of the functions of the SDC and recommendations for similar projects.</div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage">This factsheet comprises an overview of &nbsp;the project, inlcuding an outline of the functions of the SDC and recommendations for similar projects. </div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage">This factsheet comprises an overview of &nbsp;the project, inlcuding an outline of the functions of the SDC and recommendations for similar projects. </div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage">This factsheet comprises an overview of &nbsp;the project, inlcuding an outline of the functions of the SDC and recommendations for similar projects. </div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage">This factsheet comprises an overview of &nbsp;the project, inlcuding an outline of the functions of the SDC and recommendations for similar projects. </div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage">This factsheet comprises an overview of &nbsp;the project, inlcuding an outline of the functions of the SDC and recommendations for similar projects. </div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage">As part of the phasing out of bilateral cooperation by 2024, the SDC has launched a knowledge-sharing initiative to learn from its Technical and Vocational Education and Training projects (TVET) in Latin America. The objectives were to support knowledge management in Cooperation Offices, particularly with regard to the impact and sustainability of Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) interventions at the systemic level, and to share best practices from Latin American TVET projects with SDC offices worldwide. This process involved four Latin American countries (Bolivia, Cuba, Honduras, Nicaragua) and included online workshops to identify and evaluate systemic project impacts. This brief summarizes examples of key elements for systemic impact in TVET systems from the four countries, as well as overall lessons learned from the capitalization process in Latin America.</div><div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><br></div><div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><a href="https://www.shareweb.ch/site/EI/Documents/VSD/Vsd_capitalisation_ex_vetsystems_%20Lac_2023.pdf?web=1" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><strong>Link&nbsp;</strong></a>for the report in Spanish&nbsp;</div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage">Slides deck introducing the reader to the Swiss VET system, originally presented during the International VPET Congress 2018. &nbsp;</div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p><strong>Why this slide deck?</strong><br>The Market Systems Approach (MSD) has become a mainstream approach for SDC&rsquo;s Private Sector Development projects. Several organisations / implementers are also applying the key principles of MSD / systemic approaches to Vocational Skills Development (VSD) projects. However, there is neither a unified language nor an agreed institutional understanding of SDC regarding systemic approaches to VSD.The purpose of this slide deck is to share some thoughts on systemic VSD projects and share initial lessons learnt. Additional insights from ongoing processes may be added step by step.</p><p><br><strong>For whom?</strong><br>For those involved in the planning, design, approval and implementation of Vocational Skills Development projects.</p><p><br><strong>How to use it?</strong><br>That&rsquo;s up to you. Scan the slides quickly or take more time to dive deep in any of publications that are referenced on the slides.</p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>In the digital era, working and business processes as a whole will increasingly be influenced by diverse dynamic changes. The &bdquo;Changing Nature of Work&ldquo; is one of the major challenges for societies and economies worldwide. With this challenge in mind, the Federal Ministry for Economic Development and Cooperation (BMZ) has initiated a dialogue among national and international experts. The unit &ldquo;Competence Development in TVET&rdquo;/UNEVOC Centre Magdeburg of GIZ&rsquo;s Academy for International Cooperation in cooperation with GIZ&rsquo;s sectoral program TVET were contracted by BMZ to prepare and implement the International Experts Meeting. Watch the video of the conference <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RuEYcDQV_Ww">here</a>.</p></div>

Die Berufsbildung als Schwerpunktthema der neuen Botschaft über die Internationale Zusammenarbeit der Schweiz 2017 - 2020 soll noch mehr Gewicht erhalten. Was bedeutet das konkret und welche Erwartungen sind damit verbunden? Um diese Frage zu diskutieren organisisierte FoBBIZ im August 2016 eine Veranstaltung, um Fachleut e aus unterschiedlichen Perspektiven die Situation beleuchten und gemeinsam diskutieren zu lassen. Das Dokument fasst die wichtigsten Diskussionen und Standpunkte zusammen.</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; direction: ltr; font-family: &quot;Avenir LT W01 35 Light&quot;; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.6; text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><br></p>

ETF, ILO and Cedefop have co-produced a series of how-to guides to help partner countries with skills matching and anticipation. The publications series consists of six volumes:<p>&nbsp;</p><p>#1: <a href="http://www.cedefop.europa.eu/en/publications-and-resources/publications/2215" target="_blank" jqte-setlink="">Using labour market information</a></p><p>#2: <a href="http://www.cedefop.europa.eu/en/publications-and-resources/publications/2216" target="_blank">Developing skills foresights, scenarios and forecasts</a></p><p>#3: <a href="http://www.cedefop.europa.eu/en/publications-and-resources/publications/2217" target="_blank">Working at sectoral level</a></p><p>#4: <a href="https://www.shareweb.ch/site/EI/Documents/VSD/Resource%20Box/2016%20ILO%20ETF%20Cedefop%20Vol.%204%20Employment%20service%20providers%20(en).pdf" target="_blank">What is the role of employment service providers?</a></p><p>#5: How to develop and run a skills survey? [not yet available]</p><p>#6: <a href="http://www.cedefop.europa.eu/en/publications-and-resources/publications/2218" target="_blank">Carrying out tracer studies</a></p><p></p><p></p><p></p>

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<p>The employment and income (e+i) network of the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SCD) is hosting an e-discussion &nbsp;on youth-specific approaches in the context of VSD interventions. <span style="box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; widows: 2; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">The event take places between 19-30 June 2017 on the DGroup platform of the e+i VSD community.&nbsp;</span>This is the intro paper for the discussion.</p><p>&nbsp;<br></p>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>&nbsp;This paper briefly describes the different possibles roles of the private sector in VSD systems.</p></div>

This joint OECD-ILO publication provides guidance on how local and regional governments can foster business-education partnerships in apprenticeship programmes and other types of work-based learning, drawing on case studies across nine countries. There has been increasing interest in apprenticeships which combine on the job training with classroom-based study, providing a smooth transition from school to work. There are benefits to both individuals and employers from participating in apprenticeships, including increased productivity and job quality.

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>In 2012, the Swiss Parliament decided to strengthen the Swiss engagement in fragile contexts. According to the Message to Parliament on international cooperation (2013&ndash;2016), SDC is mandated to make a relevant contribution to improved living conditions; to the reduction of causes of conflicts; to the increase of crisis resistance; and to the respect for human rights in selected fragile contexts. This strategy outlines the strategic and operational dimensions of this policy commitment.</p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>This dossier consolidates the content of the three sharing papers published by the ESF Youth Employment Thematic Network, and synthesises its work between 2016 and 2018: (1) Integrating services to promote youth employment: Lessons from Finland, 82) How can we promote employability amongst the most marginalised young people? Some ESF lessons and (3) Reaching out to build trust and support amongst vulnerable young people... [<a href="https://www.shareweb.ch/site/EI/Documents/VSD/Topics/Youth%20Employment/EU%20%20-%20Report%20-%20Addressing%20youth%20unemployment%20-%202018(en).pdf">more</a>]</p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>Despite the benefits of TVET on personal, professional and national development, it remains a relatively unattractive option to young people compared to, for example, academic education. Education systems in many developing countries in particular have TVET often placed as a second choice or &ldquo;second rate&rdquo; education. Organized on the occasion of World Youth Skills Day 2018, UNESCOUNEVOC organized a virtual conference on &lsquo;Improving the image of TVET&rsquo;. The synthesis report presents a summary of the discussions, and outlines what factors participants thought were influencing the image of TVET, and the impact this image has on individuals, business and society... [<a href="https://unevoc.unesco.org/up/vc_synthesis_21.pdf">more</a>]</p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p><span style="text-align: justify; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-size: 14.3px;">The publication &quot;Understanding and analysing vocational education and training Systems&quot; 1) provides an introduction to understanding and analysing VET Systems for those working in VET contexts; 2) aims to improve the quality of SDC&#39;s VET interventions based on a better understanding of VET systems; and 3) provides input for SDC&#39;s Position in the discussion about systemic approaches to development.</span></p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>In poor countries getting a job is one of the main reasons why people are able to rise out of poverty. To meet this goal, <strong>SECO promotes the development of skills</strong> that improve labour productivity and competitiveness in the specific sectors targeted by SECO. It also contributes to facilitate the dialogue in selected partner countries for developing more conducive working conditions and match the supply and demand for relevant technical skills in selected sectors. By doing so, it can build upon its expertise in economic, trade, and labour market policy within SECO.</p><p>The paper outlines SECO&#39;s position on vocational skills development.&nbsp;</p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p><span style="letter-spacing: 0.4px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;">The articles of this issue of the german journal &quot;Berufsbildung&quot; analyse from different perspectives how inclusion can be achieved by the means of VSD. You can&nbsp;purchase the whole issue or specific articles.</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.4px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;">&nbsp;The journal is published in German.</span></p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>The study aims to analyse the widespread postulate stating that the engagement of the business sector in vocational education and training (VET) can enhance the relevance, quality and attractiveness of VET. In concrete terms, the study examines the forms which such an engagement can take and how these can be integrated into a country&rsquo;s frame conditions and objectives. In a conceptual section, first a reference framework is developed that embraces complex interconnections and focuses on the key factors of engagement. From the reference framework, possible areas of engagement for involving the business sector are derived. They then need to be evaluated under the specific, different national frame conditions and implemented where appropriate.</p></div>

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The 2017 edition of the Latin American Economic Outlook explores youth, skills and entrepreneurship. Young Latin Americans embody the region’s promise and perils. They stand at the crossroads of a region whose once promising economy and social progress&nbsp;are now undergoing a slow down. The Outlook identifies potential strategies and policy responses to help Latin America and the Caribbean revive economic growth.

<div>AFD’s Sectoral Intervention Frameworks (SIF) are reference documents that plan and steer work in a given field over a period of three to five years, in addition to providing financial guidelines (amounts planned for support, financial instruments used), technical guidelines (targeting support, links to national policies and other partners) and geographical guidelines.&nbsp;</div>

Placée au cœur des priorités des politiques nationales, des sociétés civiles africaines, des partenaires au développement, la problématique de l’accès à l’emploi, et particulièrement des jeunes, pousse les acteurs à proposer des réponses nouvelles. Depuis quelques années, des dispositifs d’appui plus transversaux sont testés afin d’accompagner les jeunes dans des contextes où peu d’entre eux parviennent à accéder ou à évoluer dans des conditions d’emploi qui les satisfont. Cette publication présente les politiques et programmes mis en œuvre par les gouvernements locaux et les opérateurs du secteur, ainsi que des réflexions menées sur l’appui à l’insertion des jeunes dans le cadre des institutions internationales et des partenaires techniques et financiers.

<div>Higher level vocational education and training (VET) programmes are facing rapid change and intensifying challenges. What type of training is needed to meet the needs of changing economies? How should the programmes be funded? How should they be linked to academic and university programmes? How can employers and unions be engaged? This report synthesises the findings of the series of &nbsp;country reports done on skills beyond school.</div><div>&nbsp;</div><div>Chapter 1. The hidden world of professional education and training</div><div>Chapter 2. Enhancing the profile of professional education and training</div><div>Chapter 3. Three key elements of high-quality post-secondary programmes</div><div>Chapter 4. Transparency in learning outcomes</div><div>Chapter 5. Clearer pathways for learners</div><div>Chapter 6. Key characteristics of effective vocational systems</div>

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The team from CEMETS conducted an extensive literature review on implementing VET reforms. The main conclusions are summarized in two blog posts. This is the second part... [<a href="http://www.cemets.ethz.ch/cemets-news/2018/04/entry-23--implementing-vet-reform-2.html" target="_blank">more</a>]

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>Level descriptors are essential elements of national qualifications frameworks (NQF) established and implemented across Europe. They define what is meant by learning outcomes, describing what an individual is expected to know, be able to do and understand, having acquired a qualification at a particular level. This Cedefop publication shows that all 39 countries taking part in the implementation of the European qualifications framework (EQF) have now defined &ndash; and for a large part adopted &ndash; their levels of learning outcomes. The analysis illustrates the influence of the EQF on national level descriptors, and demonstrates how countries have adjusted and further developed the learning outcomes approach according to national needs and priorities. National level descriptors have mostly been developed through extensive dialogue between different stakeholders. This report celebrates the 10th anniversary of the EQF in 2018 and its further implementation, as anchored in the revised EQF recommendation (2017)... [<a href="http://www.cedefop.europa.eu/en/publications-and-resources/publications/5566">more</a>]</p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p><strong>Economic and Financial Analysis (EFA)</strong> is a widely used approach for assessing whether the benefits of a particular action are greater than its costs over a given period of time. This also applies to VSD: In the application and assessment of a new project idea as well as in monitoring and project evaluations we would like to know if the expected benefits (for example: higher incomes for graduates) are greater than the costs of the project.</p><p>Therefore, this working aid and a rather simple <a href="https://www.shareweb.ch/site/EI/_layouts/15/WopiFrame.aspx?sourcedoc=/site/EI/Documents/VSD/Tools/Workbook%20for%20Cost-benefit%20Analysis%20in%20VSD%20projects.xlsx&action=default" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><strong>Excel workbook</strong></a> have been developed and updated. Their aim is to support SDC program officers, project implementers, consultants and other stakeholders in assessing costs and benefits of VSD interventions, be it in the planning stage of a project (ex ante), for monitoring purposes (ex inter) or as part of a mid-term or end of phase evaluation (ex post). <a href="https://www.shareweb.ch/site/EI/_layouts/15/WopiFrame.aspx?sourcedoc=/site/EI/Documents/VSD/Tools/CBA-Tool_VSD.xlsx&action=default" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"></a></p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>These guidelines are designed to guide SDC staff in their work, and also serve as a guide for SDC&#39;s close partners. An updated version of the guidelines will follow soon.</p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>This Glossary includes the most important VSD terminologies and definitions.</p></div>

<div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px !important; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 1.5 !important; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;">This book delineates the Swiss dual track vocational and professional education and training systems coherently and compares with the European educational systems. Besides describing the success factors of this dual track educational system practical examples are illustrated from all over the world to elucidate the possibilities to transfer it in other countries.</div><div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px !important; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 1.5 !important; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;">This book is written for the interested English speaking foreign delegates, executives and professionals in the field of education, skill development and entrepreneurship. With a foreword of Federal Councilor Johann N. Schneider-Ammann, Minister of Economics, Education and Research.</div><div style="margin: 0px 0px 11px !important; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 1.5 !important; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;">To purchase the book,&nbsp;fill in the order form or visit the publishers <a href="http://www.hep-verlag.ch/akademisierungsfalle" target="_blank">website</a>. The book is available in German and French</div>

<p>This research paper is the second in a series produced as part of the Cedefop project The changing nature and role of VET (2016-18). It discusses national definitions and conceptions of vocational education and training (VET) in European Union Member States, Iceland and Norway and describes how these have changed over the past two decades... [<a href="http://www.cedefop.europa.eu/en/publications-and-resources/publications/5564">more</a>]</p>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>This handbook supports the transfer and adaptation of career development tools used in guidance, early school leaving prevention, employment services, youth centres and other organisations. It provides insights for policy-makers and managers of careers into how to use the potential of ICT to help people find training and jobs, increase their employability, and develop their competences. Using detailed analysis of the most established and effective practices in the EU, it also offers a decision-making tool, to help readers select the best options for their local context and target group(s)... [<a href="http://www.cedefop.europa.eu/files/4164_en.pdf">more</a>]</p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>The toolbox &lsquo;promoting equal participation in sustainable economic development&rsquo; intends to close this gap and to contribute to the wider dissemination of knowledge and best practice examples, both within GIZ and among partner organisations. Promoting equal participation in economic development and, in particular, equal opportunities in the labour market is a challenging task that requires a multiplicity of interventions.</p></div>

<p><span style="font-size: 13px;">The authors of this working paper examine eight international VET reforms through their first year. They find that cases where employers are highly engaged make more progress, excepting powerful top-down reforms. High employer engagement seems riskier because of the greater investment by firms, but the returns it generates lets high-engagement reforms sidestep the prisoner’s dilemma and improve implementation progress.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 13px;">Keywords are: vocational education and training, education reform, implementation, employer engagement</span></p>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>This Glossary includes the most important terminologies and definitions about IED result measurement.</p></div>

<p class="MsoNormal"><span>The Association for the Development of Education in Africa (ADEA) hosts a series of webinars on different topics. We particularly recommend to watch the video of the webinar on Informal TVET and Training Systems (presented on 18th May 2017, for the moment only available in French). The presentations by&nbsp;</span><span>Dr. Ayele M. Adubra</span><span>&nbsp;highlights approaches to reform a&nbsp;system of traditional informal apprenticeships into a more dual system. This is explained through examples from Ghana, Benin and other countries. It is shown that d</span><span>espite the existence of these reforms, the informal TVET system is still confronted with many challenges. There is a need to focus on&nbsp;</span><span>quality</span><span>, on&nbsp;</span><span>access to include neglected populations&nbsp;</span><span>and, more importantly, on&nbsp;</span><span>integration into the labour market</span><span>. Effective measures should be envisaged in these areas.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal">The documentations of the webinars can be accessed here:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.aau.org/webinars/" target="_blank">https://www.aau.org/webinars/</a><span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt; background-color: rgb(255, 254, 254);"><o:p></o:p></span></p>

The articles of this omnibus, issued by the&nbsp;German Federal Institute for Vocational Education and Training (BIBB), analyse the impact of the digitalisation on the labour market and the required skills from different perspectives. You can&nbsp;purchase the whole book or specific articles <a href="https://www.bibb.de/veroeffentlichungen/en/bwp/show/8285" target="_blank">here</a>. The book is published in German.

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>Market systems development (MSD) has become an important instrument in many of SDC&rsquo;s projects in the field of employment and income (e+i), notably in private sector development (PSD). Recently, organisations supporting MSD declared the aim to spillover the MSD approach into other sectors, such as education and VSD. SDC&rsquo;s Western Balkan Division has pioneered within SDC and launched a series of MSD projects under their overarching topic &ldquo;youth employment&rdquo; in Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, and Macedonia. However, not all of these projects are addressing VSD directly. More projects applying MSD in VSD contexts are run in Bangladesh and Egypt. Other SDC projects using the MSD approach in the VSD sector are not on the agenda so far or not known to the working group.</p></div>

This research paper is the first in a series produced as part of the Cedefop project The changing nature and role of VET (2016-18). The aim of the paper is to review scholarly attempts to define or explain vocational education and training and to develop a theoretical model to analyse national definitions or conceptions of VET and how they have changed over time... [<a href="http://www.cedefop.europa.eu/en/publications-and-resources/publications/5563">more</a>]

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>This guidance sheet is one of a series written to support SDC staff in ensuring that gender issues are taken into account transversally in different thematic domains &ndash; in this case, vocational skills development (VSD). It outlines key gender issues regarding VSD and how these can be integrated in the design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of cooperation strategies and project interventions.</p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>In this document the Focal Point e+i listed all planned activites and topics for 2017. Important: there will be no global F2F in 2017! The Focal Point is planning to organize a F2F in spring 2018.</p></div>

This brochure is helpful for everyone who want's to provide a deeper introduction into the Swiss VET system. Especially when you need to explain why the VET system enjoys a broad support from the economy, civils society and policy makers... [<a href="https://www.ethz.ch/content/dam/ethz/special-interest/mtec/cemets-dam/documents/VET%20Social%20Status.pdf">more</a>]

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>Das duale Bildungssystem der Schweiz ist ein Erfolgsmodell. Immer wieder wird die Entwicklungszusammenarbeit dazu aufgefordert, es in Kooperationsl&auml;nder zu exportieren, um die dortige Wirtschaft zu st&auml;rken. Die Vorteile liegen auf der Hand &ndash; wo aber liegen die Grenzen der &Uuml;bertragbarkeit? Dieser Frage wird in einem Artikel der DEZA-Zeitschrift &quot;Eine Welt&quot; genauer nachgegangen... [<a href="https://www.eda.admin.ch/deza/de/home/publikationen_undservice/publikationen/publikationsreihen/eine_welt.html/content/publikationen/de/deza/eine-welt/eine-welt-02-2019" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">zur Ausgabe</a>]</p></div>

The Youth Employment Project (YEP) in Bosnia and Herzegovina changed the way how young people are supported during the entry phase into the labour market. Overall, more than 3000 participants found employment within six months. More than 25 Public Employment Services (PES) adopted the approach developed by YEP. Learn more about this easily adoptable intervention in this article... [<a href="https://www.shareweb.ch/site/EI/Documents/VSD/About/Project%20Portfolio%20Analysis/GOPA%20-%20Project%20description%20-%20Job%20Clubs%20and%20group%20counselling%20in%20BiH%20-%202018(en).pdf">more</a>]

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>This <strong>VSD Project Typology tool</strong> aims to help SDC operations to clearly <strong>define the approach and orientation of their VSD interventions</strong>, to select the right partners, and thus to manage their Project (Portfolio) in line with the relevant SDC strategies, the policy goals of partner countries, and professional standards. The paper also supports the formulation of realistic and plausible expectations predominantly regarding the outcomes and Impact of VSD projects across time.&nbsp;</p><p>The Typology Tool includes the ADD-ONs on <strong>Private Sector Development&nbsp;</strong>(PSD), <strong>Private Sector Engagement&nbsp;</strong>(PSE), <strong>Governance and Dual TVET</strong></p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>On behalf of the Austrian Development Agency, KEK-CDC Consultants have written a study on the status quo of dual vocational education and training in Burkina Faso. The study shall support Burkinabe partners in the development of VET provision for young people in Burkina Faso. Consequently, it provides an analysis of the dual training context in Burkina Faso and formulates possible leads to follow for the development of dual VET. It&rsquo;s results may also be of interest for VET experts in other Western African countries... [<a href="http://www.kek.ch/files/news/180629_final_report_dualvet_bf.pdf">more</a>]</p></div>

<p>On 30 November 2017 the German Plattform GO.VET hosted an insightful Webinar on “What is the Business Case of Investing in VET?” German companies contribute extensively towards the training of apprentices annually. The Dual System of Training – to its merit – addresses the issue by bringing Industry and Government together as co-partners &amp; co-funders of VET programmes. There is lots to gain from their success especially for complex VET systems in emerging and developing countries.</p> The Webinar recording can be found <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bffe6ss5keQ&amp;feature=youtu.be" target="_blank">here</a> and the slides can be downloaded <a href="https://gallery.mailchimp.com/bbeaa0c515ea9998528df2355/files/cd63dc52-35e1-401b-b8bc-949b805bd366/FINAL_Webinar_.pdf" target="_blank">here</a>.

National Qualifications Frameworks (NQFs) are a very common type of VET reform. The blog post very briefly discusses some of the evidence—or lack thereof—for their hoped-for benefits and a few reasons they might help, or fail to do so... [<a href="http://www.cemets.ethz.ch/cemets-news/2018/02/entry-19--the-tricky-thing-about-nqfs.html">more</a>]

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>The team from CEMETS conducted an extensive literature review on implementing VET reforms. The main conclusions are summarized in two blog posts. This is the first part... [<a href="http://www.cemets.ethz.ch/cemets-news/2018/03/entry-22--implementing-vet-reforms.html">more</a>]</p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>Today, National Qualifications Frameworks (NQFs) are in the process of being developed and implemented the world over. The issue of formal skill specification and standardisation has been important for a long time for stakeholders in vocational and technical education and training (TVET) systems. In the context of accelerated economic globalisation and increasing international migration, skill standardisation has become one of the key domains of current reforms in the field of vocational skills development (VSD), many of which have also been formulated in order to promote lifelong learning and to thus facilitate the transition towards what has been called the knowledge society.</p></div>

The goal of a graduate tracer study is to gain information on the relevance and effectiveness of VET programmes.

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>The <strong>medium-term orientation&nbsp;</strong>defines the thematic and methodological priorities that SDC&rsquo;s focal point and network on Employment and Income (e+i) for 2015 - 2019.&nbsp;</p><p>A new medium-term orientation is in discussion for the new section Economy &amp; Education with the aim to start from 2023 and beyond.</p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>In this paper, Christian Br&auml;ndli from SECO and Luca Etter from SDC provide an overview on Social Impact Bonds (SIB) and put light on this &quot;new&quot; instrument for donors, listing critical questions and factors to consider before setting up a SIB.</p><p>&nbsp;A very well written must-read for everybody who participated at the <a href="https://www.shareweb.ch/site/EI/Pages/FSD/Events/SC-Forum/SC-Forum-2016-09-Blended-Finance.aspx" target="_blank">Savings and Credit Forum on &quot;Blended Finance&quot;</a> in September 2016, and is impatiently awaiting the next in <a href="https://www.shareweb.ch/site/EI/Pages/FSD/Events/SC-Forum/SC-Forum-2017-03-Social-Performance.aspx" target="_blank">March 2017</a> on Social Performance Management and Reporting Practices of Financial Institutions and Microfinance Impact Investors.</p><p>Social Impact Bonds (SIB) are a relatively &ldquo;new&rdquo; instrument for donors to finance development interventions. SECO and SDC have both launched projects that use a variation of SIBs in their partner countries. This paper explains the most important aspects of SIBs and lists critical questions and factors to consider before setting up a SIB. The paper is work in progress and aimed as an input for colleagues who are considering an SIB. It does not represent an official position.</p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p><span style="letter-spacing: 0.4px;">The employment and income (e+i) network of the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SCD) hosted an e-discussion &nbsp;on youth-specific approaches in the context of VSD interventions.&nbsp;</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.4px;">The event took places between 19-30 June 2017 on the DGroup platform of the e+i VSD community.&nbsp;</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.4px;">This is the&nbsp;summary of the complete discussion.</span></p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>Recent developments ascribe ever greater urgency to ensuring equitable access to appropriate skills development programmes. As urban populations grow rapidly, especially in low income countries, young people need skills to work their way out of poverty. In rural areas, young people require new coping mechanisms to deal with climate change and shrinking farm sizes, and to exploit opportunities for off-farm work. This Report reveals that around 200 million young people need a second chance to acquire the basic literacy and numeracy skills, which are essential to learning further skills for work. In all of this, women and the poor face particular hardship.</p></div>

<p>Given that today, two out of five economically active youth around the world are unemployed, or work, but live in poverty, and that alone in sub-Saharan Africa, the youth population is set to double, reaching more than 350 million by 2050, creating income and employment opportunities for these young people is certainly one of the areas in most urgent need of action. </p><p>This issue of Rural 21 demonstrates initiatives addressing these issues from a wide range of countries throughout the world, and let representatives of development co-operation, politics, the private sector and, last but not least, rural youth give their views. You can order your copy <a href="http://www.rural21.com/english/current-issue/" target="_blank">here</a>.</p>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>The sixth Cedefop national qualifications framework (NQF) monitoring report confirms that NQFs play a key role in the European qualifications framework (EQF) implementation and in improving transparency and comparability of qualifications nationally and internationally. The 39 countries monitored (28 EU Member States, Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Kosovo, Montenegro, Norway, Serbia, Switzerland and Turkey) are developing and implementing 43 national qualifications frameworks... [<a href="http://www.cedefop.europa.eu/en/publications-and-resources/publications/5565">more</a>]</p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>This working tool aims to analyse the widespread postulate stating that the engagement of the business sector in vocational education and training (VET) can enhance the relevance, quality and attractiveness of VET. In concrete terms, the working tool examines the forms which such an engagement can take and how these can be integrated into a country&rsquo;s frame conditions and objectives... [<a href="https://www.shareweb.ch/site/EI/Documents/VSD/Topics/Engagement%20with%20the%20private%20sector/DCdVET%20-%20Study%20summary%20-%20Engaging%20the%20Business%20Sector%20in%20Vocational%20Education%20and%20Training%20-%202017(en).pdf">more</a>]</p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>The complete version of the DC dVET Working Tool on the Engagement on the Business Sector is now available. The study (part 1) has been revised and offers an comprehensive overview on where, how and under what conditions the business sector can be involved in VET. The study is available in German, English, and French. The questionnaire (part 2) enables you to transfer key elements of the study to your work. It facilitates the systematic planning, analysis and further development of your VET project and ideas. The questionnaire is available as PDF in English and French and as Online-Tool in English. Get all documents from the DC dVET website... [<a href="https://www.dcdualvet.org/en/topics-experiences/engaging-the-business-sector/working-tool/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">link</a>].</p></div>

After a period of relative neglect in many countries, apprenticeships and other forms of work-based learning are experiencing a revival. Their effectiveness in easing school-to-work transitions and serving the economy is increasingly recognised. However, engaging individuals, employers, social partners and education and training systems in such learning remains a significant challenge... [<a href="https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/seven-questions-about-apprenticeships_9789264306486-en">more</a>]

Until recently, few graduates of technical and vocational education and training (TVET) aspired to further learning, particularly higher education. But higher-level qualifications are now a common expectation among young people, reflecting increased ambitions, labour market demand for higher-level skills, and a need to upskill and reskill throughout life. Clear and flexible learning pathways are necessary to ensure that young people have the necessary skills to enter the labour market... [<a href="https://unevoc.unesco.org/go.php?q=Online+library&amp;skin=&amp;lang=&amp;akt=id&amp;st=&amp;qs=6107&amp;unevoc=0">more</a>]

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>The present paper gives the synthesis of the e-discussion on collaboration with the private sector in vocational skills development (VSD) hosted by the e+i VSD network of SDC in March 2015. The objectives of the e-discussion were to (i) exchange information and experience on good practices and innovative interventions in collaborating with the private sector, (ii) highlight the specific role of collaboration with the private sector in VSD, (iii) provide practice-orientated recommendations, and (iv) deliver key inputs and food for thought for the face-to-face event in April 2015. Starting point of the discussion was an input paper. The network discussed three areas of collaboration with the private sector. The synthesis follows this structure, brings out the main insights of the three discussion topics and concludes with selected open issues as food for thought.</p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>This <strong>VSD Project Typology tool</strong> aims to help SDC operations to clearly <strong>define the approach and orientation of their VSD interventions</strong>, to select the right partners, and thus to manage their Project (Portfolio) in line with the relevant SDC strategies, the policy goals of partner countries, and professional standards. The paper also supports the formulation of realistic and plausible expectations predominantly regarding the outcomes and Impact of VSD projects across time.&nbsp;</p><p><strong>Further information:&nbsp;</strong>A <strong>french, russian and romanian version</strong> and <strong>topic specific add-ons</strong> are available <a href="https://www.shareweb.ch/site/EI/Pages/VSD/Documents%20VSD%20typology.aspx" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">here</a>.</p></div>

Is lean data the solution to the measuring problem of aid effectivenes assesments? This presentation provides you with some thoughts about the topic.

The 2019 Global Education Monitoring Report examines the education impact of migration and displacement across all population movements: within and across borders, voluntary and forced, for employment and education. It also reviews progress on education in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development... [<a href="https://unevoc.unesco.org/go.php?q=Online+library&amp;skin=&amp;lang=&amp;akt=id&amp;st=&amp;qs=6108&amp;unevoc=0">more</a>]

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>The first part of this data driven advocacy tool provides key figures about the cost and benefits resulting from the provision of in-company training places from Switzerland and Germany. The second part of the showcases a cost-benefit analysis with data from leading Pakistani companies. &gt;&gt; <a href="https://www.dcdualvet.org/wp-content/uploads/2019_GIZ_Return-on-investment-Build4skills-Pakistan_long.pdf" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">pdf</a></p></div>

In recent years, in many regions, there have been large inflows of both migrant workers and refugees fleeing conflicts and poverty, resulting in increased economic and social tensions. In order to build public confidence in migration issues, making strong evidence available is of the utmost importance for both informed public opinion and effective policy-making... [<a href="https://www.ilo.org/global/publications/books/WCMS_652001/lang--en/index.htm">more</a>]

Is lean data the solution to the measuring problem of aid effectivenes assesments? This presentation provides you with some thoughts about the topic.

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>The <strong>medium-term orientation&nbsp;</strong>defines the thematic and methodological priorities that SDC&rsquo;s focal point and network on Employment and Income (e+i) for 2015 - 2019.&nbsp;</p><p>A new medium-term orientation is in discussion for the new section Economy &amp; Education with the aim to start from 2023 and beyond.</p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>In this paper, Christian Br&auml;ndli from SECO and Luca Etter from SDC provide an overview on Social Impact Bonds (SIB) and put light on this &quot;new&quot; instrument for donors, listing critical questions and factors to consider before setting up a SIB.</p><p>&nbsp;A very well written must-read for everybody who participated at the <a href="https://www.shareweb.ch/site/EI/Pages/FSD/Events/SC-Forum/SC-Forum-2016-09-Blended-Finance.aspx" target="_blank">Savings and Credit Forum on &quot;Blended Finance&quot;</a> in September 2016, and is impatiently awaiting the next in <a href="https://www.shareweb.ch/site/EI/Pages/FSD/Events/SC-Forum/SC-Forum-2017-03-Social-Performance.aspx" target="_blank">March 2017</a> on Social Performance Management and Reporting Practices of Financial Institutions and Microfinance Impact Investors.</p><p>Social Impact Bonds (SIB) are a relatively &ldquo;new&rdquo; instrument for donors to finance development interventions. SECO and SDC have both launched projects that use a variation of SIBs in their partner countries. This paper explains the most important aspects of SIBs and lists critical questions and factors to consider before setting up a SIB. The paper is work in progress and aimed as an input for colleagues who are considering an SIB. It does not represent an official position.</p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><div>In November 2017 Alexandra Miehlbradt and Hans Posthumus conducted a <a href="https://www.shareweb.ch/site/EI/Pages/newsdetail.aspx?ItemID=672" target="_blank">training workshop with advanced practitioners in results measurement</a>.&nbsp; Based on the presentations and discussions, they developed five Practitioners&rsquo; Notes.&nbsp; Each Note outlines key challenges and provides solutions and tips from the field.</div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div>The topics are:</div><div>- Gathering Information from Businesses</div><div>- Using Technology in Monitoring and Results Measurement</div><div>- Monitoring</div><div>- Using Multipliers to Estimate Impact</div><div>- Assessing Systemic Change</div></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p><span style="color: rgb(17, 17, 17); font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: normal; white-space: pre-wrap;">This short, jargon-free video explains what the market systems approach is all about: how it differs from conventional aid, and how it can be used to help create widespread and lasting improvements in incomes, access to jobs, products and services for millions of people living in poverty.</span></p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>In this document the Focal Point e+i listed all planned activites and topics for 2017. Important: there will be no global F2F in 2017! The Focal Point is planning to organize a F2F in spring 2018.</p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>This document is an internal guidance paper for SDC head office and cooperation office staff.</p><p>The original guidance document (then called &quot;<a href="https://www.shareweb.ch/site/EI/Documents/HowTo/SDC%20-%20Internal%20Guidance%20-%20Managing%20MSD%20M4P%20Projects%20-2014-05.pdf" target="_blank">Managing M4P/ MSD projects</a>&quot;) was developed in 2014 and had been received very positively. Nevertheless, in the beginning of April 2017 a dynamic e-consultation on the revised guidance for managing MSD projects in SDC has taken place. Network members from SDC as well as implementing agencies have very actively shared their observations on the revised guidance and their experiences and best practices in implementing MSD projects. Their observations have been incorporated and this is now the restructured, user friendlier and easier accessible version.</p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>The toolbox &lsquo;promoting equal participation in sustainable economic development&rsquo; intends to close this gap and to contribute to the wider dissemination of knowledge and best practice examples, both within GIZ and among partner organisations. Promoting equal participation in economic development and, in particular, equal opportunities in the labour market is a challenging task that requires a multiplicity of interventions.</p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>This Glossary includes the most important terminologies and definitions about IED result measurement.</p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>Mesopartner has supported the UK Department for International Development (DFID) in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) to make sense of how they can use technology support to support their private sector development work.</p><p>The report makes the case for moving from a sole focus on the transfer of specific technologies to solve development problems, to a more broad-based, systemic technological development focus involving various actors and institutions in developing countries. More concretely, it recommends the use of an innovation systems approach to strengthen the technological capabilities of developing countries like the DRC.&nbsp;</p><p><br></p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>This brief is specifically written for decision-makers who approve MSD projects &ndash; either entry proposals with opening credits or credits for main phases. It will guide you through the different phases of MSD projects and how they are linked to the SDC Project Cycle Management (PCM) &ndash; with a focus on phases relevant for approval.</p><p>Click <a href="https://www.shareweb.ch/site/EI/Documents/HowTo/M4P-MSD/SDC%20-%20Internal%20Guidance%20-%20Managing%20MSD%20Projects.pdf?web=1" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><strong>here&nbsp;</strong></a>for the updated guidance for managing MSD projects (version 2022).</p></div>

The 2017 edition of the Latin American Economic Outlook explores youth, skills and entrepreneurship. Young Latin Americans embody the region’s promise and perils. They stand at the crossroads of a region whose once promising economy and social progress&nbsp;are now undergoing a slow down. The Outlook identifies potential strategies and policy responses to help Latin America and the Caribbean revive economic growth.

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage">This case study presents the lessons learned by the Increasing Market Employability program (IME), implemented by Swisscontact and funded by the Swiss Agency for Development Cooperation (SDC), that applied the DCED Standard for Results Measurement in a relatively small Market Systems Development (MSD) Program in Macedonia.</div>

This methodology document was sponsored by UNIDO- it draws extensively from a previous document: "Making Clusters Work- A UNIDO methodology (2006)". The author, Dr. Tamal Sarkar, is the director of the Foundation for MSME Clusters, New Delhi. As the title implies, unlike others, it has a special focus on pro-poor clusters.

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage">The operational guide for the making markets work for the poor (M4P) approach (2nd edition 2015, co-funded by SDC)</div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>Test ID</p></div>

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<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>This How-to-Note provides an overview and explains the <strong>basic concepts of financial and economic analysis</strong> focusing on two frequently used methodologies: <strong>Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) and the Cost-Effectiveness Analysis (CEA)</strong>.&nbsp;</p><p>As part of result-based-management CBA and CEA are important means to improve the effectiveness of SDC&rsquo;s interventions through the improved linking of results and resources. They should thus be increasingly integrated into planning and reporting tools whilst maintaining the pragmatic approach emphasised in this How-to-Note.&nbsp;</p><p>This document explains why financial and economic analyses of projects are useful and important in development cooperation. Staff and partners at the SDC head office and cooperation offices (programme managers, decision-makers, financial staff and in particular project implementers) need to acquire a basic understanding of financial and economic analysis in order to be able to decide without an excessive amount of effort in which cases what kind of analysis makes sense and how to carry it out.</p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>The DCED is a forum for learning about the most effective ways to create economic opportunities for the poor, based on practical experience in Private Sector Development (PSD).</p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>Welcome to the &quot;Empower!&quot; podcast from the Swiss Agency for Development Cooperation (SDC), where we will be getting to know thought leaders from our programs, offices and partners pushing for more women economic empowerment.<br>This Podcast is created as a collaboration of the <a href="http://www.shareweb.ch/site/EI">E+E Economy and Education Section</a> and the <a href="http://www.shareweb.ch/site/Gender">Gender Network</a> at SDC.<br>For more details contact Miranda.fiedler@eda.admin.ch.<br>Podcast co-produced by Helvetas (Cesar.Robles@helvetas.org).<br>Intro track courtesy of Lavinia Negrete (www.lavinianegrete.com).</p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage">Private sector engagement (PSE) is a priority for the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC), as highlighted in the federal dispatch 2021-2024.&nbsp;</div><div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage">Within the universe of potential private sector partners, <strong>Social and Impact Enterprises (SIEs)</strong> &ndash; those enterprises with an intention to solve a social or environmental problem &ndash; are a natural ally for actors like SDC to achieve development outcomes. There are several reasons that make working with SIEs particularly interesting. There is an explicit alignment of vision and commitment to address a development challenge, when compared to other private sector partners. SIEs strive to be profitable and are sustainable beyond SDC support, when compared to not-for profit partners. They can therefore achieve high impact in a cost-effective way for SDC, since support is only supplemental and short-term. They can also promote highly innovative ways of achieving SDGs which can stimulate learning at SDC.&nbsp;</div><div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage">That said, PSE overall and SDC working with SIEs in particular, is a relatively new way of achieving development outcomes. Challenges include: questions on how to find the right partner, the ideal governance for a partnership, the best financial instruments to support the SIE, and impact management. Partnerships with SIEs require careful design and agile implementation management. This guidance paper, the first of its kind, highlights some of these emerging issues. While the insights presented here do not constitute conclusive guidance on how to successfully engage SIEs, we discuss noteworthy findings and potential solutions</div>

he overall objective of the consultancy was to explore whether the investments of SDC, DFID, CIDA, EKN (and soon Danida) in Bangladesh into the development and application of the DCED standard were meaningful and resulted in relevant added value for project design, steering, monitoring and evaluation by the funding agencies. More specifically, the effectiveness, efficiency and economy of the DCED Standard was to be assessed in achieving better results measurement and value for money on the basis of two concrete project examples, Katalyst and Samriddhi.

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>This paper presents the context and background of local economic development (LED). The paper defines LED, looks at the development policy context and operating environments and addresses how donors are responding within a rapidly changing global environment. The paper also summarises lessons learned and the arguments for and against undertaking strategically planned LED as operational approach for employment creation, improvements in governance processes and poverty reduction.</p></div>

Keynote Address "Systems Thinking and Evaluation" including list of References. For the "Main Findings", "Panel Discussion" and more go directly to the website of the conference: www.evaluation-conference.de

This case study tells the story of cleaning up the Asian brick industry by introducing the Vertical Shaft Brick Kiln (VSBK). The brick and construction industry holds an enormous energy-saving potential that is of tremendous relevance to climate change. In addition, this new technology can also change the lot of the millions of poor workers in this sector. Introducing better technologies and social standards is a win-win situation for the workers, for the environment and for the society as a whole.

This practical guide on cluster management was developed by GTZ. It offers an overview on all concepts of cluster development and cluster management.

This practical guide developed by GTZ on cluster development and management provides useful tools on each step of preparing, implementing and monitoring cluster management projects.

This document serves as a focus for discussions about the relationship between various private sector development fields. It addresses a common challenge in private sector development: how to reconcile apparently diverse concepts such as value chains, subsectors, clusters and networks, enabling environment and local economic development, and the approaches related to them. The document illustrates that recent thinking on making markets work for the poor rather than being a substitute for or in competition with these other concepts and approaches, is complementary to them, providing an overarching framework to aid understanding about their use in efforts to reduce poverty.

Draft version (September 2009). The document gives a brief overview (16 pages) on the current state of the discussion of agricultural value chain support and provides you with an exhaustive list of references.

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p><br></p><p>This focus note provides an excellent summary about the decent work agenda and its contributions to the Millenium Development Goals. It provides information about SDC&#39;s position and links to further reading.&nbsp;</p></div>

These guidelines highlight the most important issues that development agencies need to consider when they engage in value chain development in rural areas. The paper offers guiding principles for development practitioners and policy makers, and points to further useful material.

Handbook based on the experience of ECOLOC- a programme in West Africa supported among others by SDC.

Small farmers often have lower production costs but they are still not competitive because their transaction costs are high and they cannot produce what the market wants at the right time. Alongside other inputs such as seeds, they need affordable water control technologies and access to profitable markets. As more and more agricultural goods are sold through supermarkets, they need to deliver the qualities and quantities as and when they are needed. This publication discusses three pillars necessary to the support of small farmers: 1) access to affordable water control technologies, 2 ) private supply chains for irrigation hardware and agroinputs, and 3 ) access to new marketing channels.

This information note discusses the relevance of monitoring and evaluation for LED. It summarises conclusions of a longer study "Evaluating Local Economic Development – In Search of Practical Solutions" and provides evidence of economic and governance gains from the programme APODER in Peru.

A joint report of 31 multilateral and bilateral development finance institutions

This quick guide is a a concise introduction for those new to the concept and implementation of local economic development. The publication is in addition available online in Spanish, French, Russian, Arabic, Portuguese, Bosnian/Serbian/Croatian and other languages under the following link: http://go.worldbank.org/2CETPLSRE0

Seeks to provide municipalities, practitioners, businesses and communities with an understanding of what local economic development is, why it is practised and how so.

POVNET Policy Statement endorsed by DAC High level meeting of 27/28 May 09.

This short paper provides an introduction on how to carry out a value chain analysis. The so-called market map includes the value chain actors and their linkages as well enabling business environment factors and service providers along the chain.

This guide developed by the knowledge management network ASOCAM gives methodological guidance on monitoring and evaluation (M&E)and presents a six-step tool for effective M&E.

This outcome monitoring concept provides guidelines on 1) meausring in quantitative terms the aggregated outcome of Swiss interventions in the field of E&I, 2) assessing and describe in qulaitative terms the achievements of rural development projects applying the M4P approach. It provides tools on how to develop a log frames, result chains and outcome "calculations", or on how to do reporting when using the M4P approach

7F06353 INOVAGRO: Agricultural Markets

This reader offers a brief overview of current understanding in the field of result measurement, including particularly the terms, indicators and methodologies in use. Examples are given of impacts measured in a standard format, including for example cost per job created. Case studies of different projects are provided.

This document outlines key elements in a practical process of estimating results of PSD that can be managed by programmes internally. It is complemented by practical guidelines (see above). This methodology helps projects to make it easier to measure and report on their results; to work towards a shared understanding of reasonable quality in the estimation of results; to measure a very small number of “universal indicators”.

This provides practical guidelines to support projects to manage their results measurement process. It provides practical steps on: result chains, indicators, measurement of indicators, attribution and relating impact to programme costs.

SDC started to engage with the Artisanal and Small-scale Gold mining (ASGM) sector in the early 90s. Four major projects in Ecuador, Bolivia, Peru and Mongolia over the past two decades have contributed to shape the evolution of development approaches for ASGM.

This fact sheet explains what forced and compulsory labour is, how ILO regulations deal with forced labour and what is being done against it.

This fact sheet explains what discrimination with respect to employment and occupation means, how the law and ILO regulations deal with discrimination with respect to employment and occupation and what is being done against it.

This fact sheet explains what freedom of association and the effective recognition of the right to collective bargaining means, how the law and ILO regulations deal with this topic and what is being done to achieve implementation of freedom of association and the right to collective bargaining.

This briefing paper summarises the relevance of social standards in development cooperation. It describes what social standards exist and analyses the effects of Corporate Social Responsibility and Code of Conducts.

This guide provides several tools to practicioners who are engaged in setting up or in managing organic businesses. One chapter exclusively focuses on developing organic value chains as well as a tool on value chain facilitation.

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>This guide for development practitioners, government and private sector initiatives gives guidance on how to address the underlying causes of failures in the performance of market systems, rather than looking at symptoms in individual chains. This guide addresses Value Chain development from a market development perspective with a unique focus on how to achieve Decent Work.</p></div>

The ValueLinks Manual provides guidance on the whole project cyclce of a value chain promotion project. It provides several modules on: 1)setting the project boundaries, 2)chain analysis and stragety, 3)project implementation, and 4)monitoring. It is a must for each newcomer to value chain promotion!

his case study explores the economics of organic cotton production, by analysing how to absorb higher costs of production, certification and farmers’ premiums. The study describes several projects that managed to link farmer with mainstream markets. The paper presents projects in India, Tanzania, West Africa and Kyrgyzstan and discusses how to adapt fair trade practice to meet new challenges in highly complex value chains.

These guidelines are designed to help project managers to assess the outcomes of their projects and programmes. They demonstrate how development agencies can implement an appropriate outcome and impact assessment system.

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This guidance note will provide readers with a good understanding and practical examples of what to include in a program-specific MRM Manual. This guidance note provides an annotated outline of a program-specific MRM manual.

The toolbox covers each e+i topic- VSD, PSD and FSD- with an entire chapter. It comprises various tools of which each is briefly described outlining expected impacts, key steps for implementation as well as potential partners to work with. Most tools are illustrated with a good practice example. <a href="http://www.enterprise-development.org/page/download?id=2690" target="_blank"> &gt;Download this document</a>

Rural 21, June 2015. This article by Philippe Monteil (SDC) shows the long track record of SDC on working with the MSD approach, illustrated with the Rural Livelihood Development Programme in Tanzania.

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>This Policy Brief explains what entrepreneurial networks are, and how disadvantaged or under-represented groups can join them.</p></div>

This paper shares lessons from Timor-Leste about making thin market systems work better for the poor. It shows how the DCED Standard can be used to verify impact through theory, and why this is particularly useful when changes that were expected are not happening.

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>This report <span style="font-size: 11pt;">shows how pioneer companies and organizations have sustainably increased the income and livelihoods of millions of smallholder farmers around the world, by sourcing produce from them or selling products to them. This report</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt;">&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 11pt;">emphasizes smallholder farmers&rsquo; role as active partners rather than aid recipients by comparing the performance of 15 successful organizations worldwide.</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt;">&nbsp;A report sponsored by&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 11pt;">the<a href="https://hystra-consulting.squarespace.com/open-source-reports/">&nbsp;</a>Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation<a href="https://hystra-consulting.squarespace.com/open-source-reports/">,&nbsp;</a>Danone Ecosystem Fund<a href="https://hystra-consulting.squarespace.com/open-source-reports/">,&nbsp;</a>responsAbility Investments AG and C&amp;A Foundation.</span></p></div>

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This M4P case study is based on research aimed to understand the potential role of radio, and mass media more generally, in business environment reform processes and to understand the potential impact of radio at both policy and enterprise levels. Uganda was chosen as a case study because of its liberalized and diverse media. By analysing successful examples, the paper endeavours to understand the characteristics of success: what makes media effective in impacting on business policy, legislation and regulation and how donors can intervene to enhance the role of mass media in the business environment.

This M4P case study examines Swisscontact’s experience in stimulating a more conducive environment for small businesses in Indonesia and Russia. Learning from experience, Swisscontact has sought a departure from conventional approaches to business environment reform; in doing so, it has intervened in a “systemic” way, consistent with the making markets work for the poor (M4P) approach.

This document contains 11 case studies from GTZ experience from the Philippines, Ghana and the South African Development Community, as well as a wide variety of topics such as designing local business environment reform programs, human resource development for a market economy, measuring the effect of a national economy promotion program, conducting a regional business climate survey, how a business membership organization can contribute to improving the business environment and eGovernment to improve the local business environment.

The ValueLinks Manual provides guidance on the whole project cycle of a value chain promotion project. It provides several modules on: 1)setting the project boundaries, 2)chain analysis and strategy, 3)project implementation, and 4)monitoring. It is a must for each newcomer to value chain promotion!

The document clarifies the responsibilities in developing a comprehensive sector strategy and provides an example of table of contents. It is extracted from the annexes of the Monitoring and Result Measurement Manual of the Katalyst Project in Bangladesh.

Example of market research and analysis report.

Analysis opportunities and contraints in the meat and dairy sectors and identifies areas of interventions.

Analysis of opportunities and constraints in the wood sector in Serbia and identification of intervention areas.

Data collection tool for consumption habits and purchase behaviour survey

This matrix may help to prioritize between several constraints when analysing market systems

Data collection tool for livelihood assessment

Result chains for interventions in the cotton and the sunflower sub-sectors in Tanzania

Good example of a project document from the Alliances Kvemo Khartli project, Georgia, South Caucasus

Analysis of natural hazards as potential risks for this M4P project. Questionnaire and exercises for data collection in the annexes.

Guiding questions for gender assessment as integral part of subsector analysis

To assess the level of compliance with SDC’s Gender Equality Policy and institutionalized mainstreaming as well as core issues explicitly addressed to promote equality between women and men

Raises key questions to address governance as a transversal theme

The document explains the concept of sector logic and provides a checklist for developing impact logics. Examples for sector and impact logics are taken from the maize sector. The document is extracted from the annexes of the Monitoring and Result Measurement Manual of Katalyst Project in Bangladesh.

Author: HELVETAS Swiss Intercooperation and Shen, Markets for Meghri project, Armenia Data collection tool for gender equality survey

El Programa de Gobernabilidad Local de la Cooperación Suiza con sede en Nicaragua y Honduras, inició su IV fase en el 2009, teniendo como fi nalidad contribuir al fortalecimiento de la institucionalidad, el desarrollo local, la participación ciudadana y al ejercicio de la gobernabilidad democrática en Honduras y Nicaragua. a través de la presente publicación “Caja de Herramientas” Desarrollo Económico Local, con enfoque de cadenas de valor, se entrega las principales herramientas que fueron utilizada en las diferentes fases de las experiencias: Selección de municipios participantes, concertación de actores y establecimiento de instancias públicos y privados para la elaboración del Plan de Desarrollo Económico Local Concertado, la Implementación de PLDEC, que incluye proyectos, redes empresariales y otras acciones.

This case study describes the experience of the Market Development Facility (MDF) in developing a learning culture and focuses on the attitudes and behaviors at the core of MDF’s organizational culture. Alexandra Miehlbradt for DCED Standard, September 2015.

The document provides guidance on the structure of an intervention plan, including explanations of cost calculation sheet, measurment plan, etc. It provides examples from the maize sector (contract farming) and the vegetables sector. Scale-up is defined and a format for scale-up plans proposed. The document is extracted from the annexes of the Monitoring and Result Measurement Manual of Katalyst Project in Bangladesh.

The map illustrates the process of planing and implementing the Alliances project in Georgia. Specifically, it concerns the identification of market actors and clients as per intervention plan, the application and evaluation procedure leading to a grant agreement.

Description of the M&E system as well as its development process

The document explains the concepts of attribution and displacement and how the Katalyst project handles them in their result measurement efforts. The text is taken from the annexes of the Monitoring and Result Measurement Manual of the Katalyst project, Bangladesh

The table provides an example of how roles and responsibilities can be defined and explained. It is an extract from the annexes of the Monitoring and Result Measurement Manual of the Katalyst project, Bangladesh

This document presents data collection tools and example of a calculation for a set indicator applied for measurement of results of the specific Project intervention, namely: the cattle artificial insemination (AI) in the framework of the “Livestock Development in the Syunik Region” Project. The document also contains a brief overview of the monitoring and results measurement system (including logic of the System, data collection sources & tools, data analysis tools applied etc.).

Several charts illustrate the steps and work flow relating to the overall system, sector selection, intervention design, testing and scale-up. Extracted from the Monitoring and Result Measurement Manual of the Katalyst project, Bangladesh

Illustration of information flows and roles in the M&E system, Rural Livelihood Development Programme (RLDP)

The working paper is based on SDC's e+i Network e-learning cycles in 2010 and 2011. The last part of the working paper contains a checklist on facilitation which can serve as a guidance tool to think through the role of being a facilitator. It is suggested to use the checklist several times during a programme cycle. The checklist is designed both for the responsible persons in a donor agency as well as for the facilitation teams within projects.

These cards are designed to be a reminder of the different roles or ‘hats’ that a market facilitator is required to play over the course of a day, a week and a month. Sometimes, it is difficult to change from one role to another without a reminder or a reference. These cards are designed to highlight key ideas, ask important questions that staff should be asking themselves or their actors and provide visual reminders of core elements of market facilitation. They are part of a series of tools and are meant to be used in coordination with Being a Market Facilitator: A Guide to Staff Roles and Capacities and Market Facilitation in Practice: Case Studies for Implementers

This tool has two primary purposes: 1. To serve as a starting point for organizations to evaluate their current approach with respect to different components needed for effective market facilitation 2. To offer a platform for conversation about what changes might be required within an organization to take on a market facilitation approach

There are two specific objectives of this guide: 1)Describe the roles that market facilitators must play in the course of their work and the corresponding attitudes and capacities they should demonstrate. 2)Detail the progression of competence in the roles of a market facilitator to help staff assess their performance and plan professional growth.

Data collection tool for assessment of beneficiary households' socio-economic situation, including recall method. Rural Livelihood Development Programme, Tanzania

The document distingishes between three basic target audiences for the information produced by the system. These are Katalyst’s Management, Katalyst’s donors and the wider community. The types of reporting for each target audience is explained. This es an extract from the Monitoring and Result Measurment Manual of the Katalyst project, Bangladesh.

An example of an independent evaluation assessing SDC´s approach to promote Economic Development and Employment (EDE) in the South Caucasus, as implemented in a dozen projects in Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijan. TOR see Annex 1

For use in Evaluations (mid-term, end of phase and other) and End of phase reports

TOR for External Review one year before the end of the project phase 1.

Mid term review of the Developing Business Service Markets Project (KATALYST), Phase 2

The document describes the CBA findings as well as the methodologies used. TOR and calculation tables can be found in the annexes.

This case describes how GEMS3 has assessed the results of interventions to improve tax harmonisation, and how they assessed their impact at target enterprise level.

This case shows how the Market Development Facility (MDF) tackles the challenges of defining expected systemic changes in the sectors it targets, outlining pathways towards a high degree of systemic change and using those pathways as the basis for monitoring progress towards the defined changes.

The reports shows how pioneer companies and organizations have sustainably increased the income and livelihoods of millions of smallholder farmers around the world, by sourcing produce from them or selling products to them.

The paper builds on the DCED's guidance on results measurement and its Measuring Women's Economic Empowerment in Private Sector Development: Guidelines for Practitioners. The main focus of this very practical guide is: who to count as a beneficiary in programs targeting both men and women – and the gendered implications of this choice. The paper also contains several measurement tools and approaches to supplement sex-disaggregated DCED Standard indicators. On p.19 you'll find examples of WEE-specific indicators which are recommended for inclusion into logframes for private sector development projects and programs. I hope you find this useful for your respective programs. It might be interesting to share and discuss this also with your project partners to make interventions more gender-sensitive and further improve our reporting on WEE.

This publication (in Spanish) aims to share experiences, reflections, lessons learnt and guidance resulting from the regional seminar titled “Exchange of experiences in the application of the M4P/MSD approach” in Latin America and the Caribbean.

Programmes with a market systems approach increasingly recognise the important role that women play in market activity and consider women’s economic empowerment as well as gener equality objectives. However, unpaid care work is very often not or not sufficiently consiered. This document describes how the provision of care can be integrated conceptually within a market systems approach.

This study to capitalise experiences of the Local Market Development project (LMD), which worked in the fruit and vegetable as well as dairy sector, provides insights on the project’s contributions to the market system and resulting achievements. In addition, it contains lessons learned that can be derived from a decade of LMD implementation.

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) employ two thirds of the European workforce; one out of three creates new products and processes. They need to secure qualified workers to be competitive. But an unfavourable business environment, burdensome legislation and internal shortfalls make many of them reluctant to engage in training apprentices.

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>The objective of this paper is to provide guidance on good Monitoring and Measuring Results practice with respect to the process and the roles and responsibilities of SDC program managers managing PSD programs and to enable implementing partners to design, apply, and benefit from a monitoring and results measurement system that enables learning and reporting credible results and that complies with the DCED Standard for Results Measurement.</p><p>The Good Practices paper was developed in 2016 and in late 2018 we sought feedback using an online survey and conducting in-depth interviews with SDC program managers. Find the summary of the feedback and the &nbsp;changes we have made to the paper <a href="https://www.shareweb.ch/site/EI/Documents/HowTo/022019_Survey%20MRM%20Results%20final%20version.pdf" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">here</a>. We have revised the version in February 2019. The Good Practices Paper is with more than 750 unique downloads among the top three of the most-downloaded resources from the DCED website.&nbsp;</p></div>

SDC co-financed during several years the Index Based Livestock Insurance project in Mongolia. Meant to be a response to the recurrent harsh winters, an index based livestock insurance scheme has been developed by the Government supported by the World Bank and different other international partners, including SDC. At the project end, the Mongolian parliament voted the index based livestock insurance law and the Ministry of Finance established the re-insurance company AGRIRE which has the aim to further develop the insurance portfolio for the rural area in Mongolia. The interesting report makes a review on the achievements and the results of the project over a period of the last 10 years.

This paper introduces the readers to the relationship between urbanization and economic development and then the relationship of these concepts to the private sector and discusses the two key questions what the role of the private sector is in promoting inclusive and sustainable economic development against the backdrop of rapid urbanisation and what it means in practice for policy-makers.

These guidelines set out the key steps and considerations for designing, planning and undertaking the evaluation of a programme or intervention that applies a market systems approach.

"On July 1st 2016, SDC's Promoting off-farm employment and income in the Great Lakes Region through climate responsive construction material production (PROECCO) project will enter its second phase. The first phase was dedicated to technological transfer and adaptation to provide context specific business solutions in the construction material production sector. These business solutions will be tested and refined in the second phase to boost scaling up environmental and labor friendly production methods applying a MSD approach. The project will improve production technics in Rwanda, Burundi as well as South Kivu and serve a demand for construction materials fueled by the regions rapid urbanization.

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The Aspen Network of Development Entrepreneurs (ANDE), in partnership with the Latin American Private Equity & Venture Capital Association (LAVCA), and LGT Impact Ventures has released a report on the growing landscape of impact investing in Latin America. Impact investing is a relatively nascent industry, and this report aims to fill the data gap in key Latin American markets. The report covers trends in regional impact investing with a focus on impact measurement, talent, and gender. It explores fundraising, deals, and exits, and takes a deep dive into impact investing in Brazil, Colombia, and Mexico.

<p><span style="line-height: 107%; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><font color="#000000" style="line-height: 107%; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">This report examines the incentives and&nbsp;constraints to adaptive programming across the donor-implementer relationship – and how the behaviour that results influences market systems programming.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</font></span></p><span style="line-height: 107%; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><p><font color="#000000"><span style="font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">There is also a&nbsp;blog post from Karry Byrne on </span><span><a href="https://beamexchange.org/community/blogs/2016/8/1/adaptive-management-team/ " target="_blank">the incentives and constraints to adaptive programming across the donor-implementer&nbsp;relationship</a>.</span></font></p><p></p></span><p>&nbsp;</p>

This blog, initiated by HELVETAS Swiss Intercooperation&nbsp;discusses four ways how to achieve inclusive changes for poor and disadvantaged women and men using a Market Systems Development approach, despite concerns that the approach does not necessarily benefit the poor and in particularly not the extreme poor or other disadvantaged people. <a href="http://blog.helvetas.org/breaking-the-barriers-how-to-be-inclusive/ " target="_blank">Please share your insights and opinions</a>.

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This thematic guidance sheet is one of a series written to support SDC staff in ensuring that gender issues are taken into account transversally in different thematic domains – in this case, focusing on market systems development (MSD). It outlines key gender issues regarding women’s economic empowerment in MSD and how these can be integrated in the design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of cooperation strategies and project interventions. Some existing familiarity with MSD terminology is assumed.

Summary of the&nbsp;Face-to-Face (F2F) for the e+i professionals of the Western Balkan (WBA) Region in Prishtina, Kosovo from 20 – 23 September 2016.

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>The second edition of the Impact Evaluation in Practice handbook is a comprehensive and accessible introduction to impact evaluation for policy makers and development practitioners. First published in 2011, it has been used widely across the development and academic communities. The book incorporates real-world examples to present practical guidelines for designing and implementing impact evaluations. Readers will gain an understanding of impact evaluations and the best ways to use them to design evidence-based policies and programs. The updated version covers the newest techniques for evaluating programs and includes state-of-the-art implementation advice, as well as an expanded set of examples and case studies that draw on recent development challenges. It also includes new material on research ethics and partnerships to conduct impact evaluation. The handbook is divided into four sections: Part One discusses what to evaluate and why; Part Two presents the main impact evaluation methods; Part Three addresses how to manage impact evaluations; Part Four reviews impact evaluation sampling and data collection. Case studies illustrate different applications of impact evaluations. The book links to complementary instructional material available online, including an applied case as well as questions and answers. The updated second edition will be a valuable resource for the international development community, universities, and policy makers looking to build better evidence around what works in development.</p></div>

<span>OECD and FAO have developed this Guidance to help enterprises observe standards of responsible business conduct and undertake due diligence along agricultural supply chains in order to ensure that their operations contribute to sustainable development. The<i> Guidance </i>comprises:<br>• A model enterprise policy outlining the standards that enterprises should observe to build responsible agricultural supply chains;<br>• A framework for risk-based due diligence describing the five steps that enterprises should follow to identify, assess, mitigate and account for how they address the adverse impacts of their activities;<br>• A description of the major risks faced by enterprises and the measures to mitigate these risks;<br>• Guidance for engaging with indigenous peoples.</span>

<span>OECD and FAO have developed this Guidance to help enterprises observe standards of responsible business conduct and undertake due diligence along agricultural supply chains in order to ensure that their operations contribute to sustainable development. The<i> Guidance </i>comprises:<br>• A model enterprise policy outlining the standards that enterprises should observe to build responsible agricultural supply chains;<br>• A framework for risk-based due diligence describing the five steps that enterprises should follow to identify, assess, mitigate and account for how they address the adverse impacts of their activities;<br>• A description of the major risks faced by enterprises and the measures to mitigate these risks;<br>• Guidance for engaging with indigenous peoples.</span>

This short blog post by <span style="font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><font color="#000000">Nathalie Gunasekera </font></span>describes the experience of the youth employment project MarketMakers in Bosnia and Herzegovina, which has designed a unique co-facilitation model with Regional Development Agencies (RDAs) to foster sustainable change. It describes key factors that make the co-facilitation model work for <a href="https://beamexchange.org/practice/programme-index/109/" target="_blank">MarketMakers</a>.

This publication by USAID and BEAM exchange looks into the Alliances Lesser Caucasus Programme (ALCP) in the Georgian Dairy Industry.

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Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"></w:LsdException> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"></w:LsdException> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"></w:LsdException> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis"></w:LsdException> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"></w:LsdException> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"></w:LsdException> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"></w:LsdException> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"></w:LsdException> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"></w:LsdException> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"></w:LsdException> </w:LatentStyles></xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]><style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;mso-style-noshow:yes;mso-style-priority:99;mso-style-parent:"";mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;mso-para-margin:0cm;mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";}</style><![endif]--><p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black;'>We have closed a programcalled Market Access for the Rural Poor program through value chain support (MARP)2012-2016. The project, results achieved and lessons learned are described inthe attached reader-friendly Asia Brief on the MARP project. &nbsp;With thepositive results achieved, we would like to share with you in this summarymessage the <strong>lessons learnt</strong> from the MARP and hope that it is useful foryou in design and implementation of similar projects.&nbsp;</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black;'>&nbsp;</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;background:white;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol;color:black;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;">&middot;</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:7.0pt;color:black;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><strong><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black;'>MARP model</span></strong><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black;'>:&nbsp;</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;background:white;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Wingdings;color:black;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;">&Oslash;</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:7.0pt;color:black;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;'>Sound selection criteria of projects in atender process: sound market analysis, lean program management structure,business and management expertise available, efficient project managementsystem.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:17.45pt;background:white;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Wingdings;color:black;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;">&Oslash;</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:7.0pt;color:black;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;'>Negotiation/joined work for improvingquality of project design before final approval</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:17.45pt;background:white;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Wingdings;color:black;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;">&Oslash;</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:7.0pt;color:black;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;'>All projects should have similar keyfeatures (indicators, data requirements, baseline requirements) to make acomparison possible and a feeding into the MARP program M&amp;E. This was andshould be led by SDC by providing direct support and coach on M&amp;E setup atproject levels and guidance for a good baseline study immediately after projectapproval (trigger for financial transfer).</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:17.45pt;background:white;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Wingdings;color:black;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;">&Oslash;</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:7.0pt;color:black;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;'>Implementing partners should have specificknowledge and skills on private sector and business management. This is crucialto facilitate the project, support private sector and identify the rightadjustment in time.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;background:white;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol;color:black;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;">&middot;</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:7.0pt;color:black;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><strong><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;'>Ownership of partner enterprises in valuechains significantly impacts innovativeness and readiness for change</span></strong><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;'>: the private companies were significantlymore willing to change and improve than the state-owned enterprise supported bythe project.&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;background:white;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol;color:black;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;">&middot;</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:7.0pt;color:black;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><strong><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;'>A project should avoid designing uniforminterventions for different implementation partners in different value chains:&nbsp;</span></strong><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;'>Capacity of partners, ownership structureof enterprises and its consequences on management decisions requiredtailor-made, enterprise- and context specific intervention.&nbsp;</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;background:white;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol;color:black;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;">&middot;</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:7.0pt;color:black;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><strong><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;'>For reaching scale, value chain productswith high importance for local government should be selected.</span></strong></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;background:white;"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black;'>Ifyou are interested in individual value chains, please let us know. We willconnect you to our partners for further direct exchange of information.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;background:white;"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black;'>Besideslessons learnt above, we think the attached document may bring some interestinginformation for some of you. While details can be found in the documents, someinformation below will help you to better understand the background beforereading the attached papers.&nbsp;</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black;'>&nbsp;</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><strong><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black;'>1/ MARP program</span></strong><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black;'>:&nbsp;</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black;'>&nbsp;</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Wingdings;color:black;">&Oslash;</span><span style="font-size:7.0pt;color:black;">&nbsp;</span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black;'>Overall the program was designed in 2012 as a fund to reducepoverty of poor households, especially ethnic minorities, through thegeneration of additional income and employment in selected value chains inwhich the poor can participate.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Wingdings;color:black;">&Oslash;</span><span style="font-size:7.0pt;color:black;">&nbsp;</span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black;'>The selection of projects (value chains) to support was donethrough a bidding process. A two stage procedure was used based on pre-definedcriteria (If interested, please contact SDC Hanoi for further details).&nbsp;</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black;'>o</span><span style='font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black;'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black;'>first round: concept note</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black;'>o</span><span style='font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black;'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black;'>second round: full proposal</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black;'>o</span><span style='font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black;'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black;'>Final round: Negotiation and discussion for improving quality ofproposal (market research as basis for appropriate intervention strategies,M&amp;E system, requirement for baseline data, ect. )</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black;'>o</span><span style='font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black;'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black;'>Projects under MARP started in April 2013 and end in June 2016.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;background:white;"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black;'>&nbsp;</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;background:white;"><strong><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black;'>2/Results achieved</span></strong><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black;'>:&nbsp;</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;background:white;"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black;'>-</span><span style='font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black;'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black;'>Results achieved from the report is for all value chains supportedand mainly recorded for participants who joined the projects for twoconsecutive years. That means, for those who only got support in the last year,impact on income has not materialized yet. The impact for rattan producers isexpected to materialize in a few years when the trees are harvested and sold toprocessing companies. Failure to have income increase has also been reported.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;background:white;"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black;'>-</span><span style='font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black;'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black;'>Results on systemic changes can also be found in the report, whichincludes: (a) transformation of resources (more investment); (b) changing thebehavior of key actors in the value chain; (c) improving the relations andtrust between actors; (d) enabling business environment; (e) system strengths:improving capacities and confidence of farmers, processors, governments to facefuture challenges</span></p></div>

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Priority="33" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"></w:LsdException> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"></w:LsdException> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"></w:LsdException> </w:LatentStyles></xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]><style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;mso-style-noshow:yes;mso-style-priority:99;mso-style-parent:"";mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;mso-para-margin:0cm;mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";}</style><![endif]--><p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black;'>We have closed a programcalled Market Access for the Rural Poor program through value chain support (MARP)2012-2016. The project, results achieved and lessons learned are described inthe attached reader-friendly Asia Brief on the MARP project. &nbsp;With thepositive results achieved, we would like to share with you in this summarymessage the <strong>lessons learnt</strong> from the MARP and hope that it is useful foryou in design and implementation of similar projects.&nbsp;</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black;'>&nbsp;</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;background:white;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol;color:black;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;">&middot;</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:7.0pt;color:black;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><strong><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black;'>MARP model</span></strong><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black;'>:&nbsp;</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;background:white;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Wingdings;color:black;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;">&Oslash;</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:7.0pt;color:black;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;'>Sound selection criteria of projects in atender process: sound market analysis, lean program management structure,business and management expertise available, efficient project managementsystem.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:17.45pt;background:white;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Wingdings;color:black;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;">&Oslash;</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:7.0pt;color:black;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;'>Negotiation/joined work for improvingquality of project design before final approval</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:17.45pt;background:white;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Wingdings;color:black;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;">&Oslash;</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:7.0pt;color:black;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;'>All projects should have similar keyfeatures (indicators, data requirements, baseline requirements) to make acomparison possible and a feeding into the MARP program M&amp;E. This was andshould be led by SDC by providing direct support and coach on M&amp;E setup atproject levels and guidance for a good baseline study immediately after projectapproval (trigger for financial transfer).</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:17.45pt;background:white;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Wingdings;color:black;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;">&Oslash;</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:7.0pt;color:black;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;'>Implementing partners should have specificknowledge and skills on private sector and business management. This is crucialto facilitate the project, support private sector and identify the rightadjustment in time.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;background:white;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol;color:black;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;">&middot;</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:7.0pt;color:black;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><strong><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;'>Ownership of partner enterprises in valuechains significantly impacts innovativeness and readiness for change</span></strong><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;'>: the private companies were significantlymore willing to change and improve than the state-owned enterprise supported bythe project.&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;background:white;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol;color:black;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;">&middot;</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:7.0pt;color:black;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><strong><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;'>A project should avoid designing uniforminterventions for different implementation partners in different value chains:&nbsp;</span></strong><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;'>Capacity of partners, ownership structureof enterprises and its consequences on management decisions requiredtailor-made, enterprise- and context specific intervention.&nbsp;</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;background:white;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol;color:black;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;">&middot;</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:7.0pt;color:black;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><strong><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;'>For reaching scale, value chain productswith high importance for local government should be selected.</span></strong></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;background:white;"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black;'>Ifyou are interested in individual value chains, please let us know. We willconnect you to our partners for further direct exchange of information.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;background:white;"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black;'>Besideslessons learnt above, we think the attached document may bring some interestinginformation for some of you. While details can be found in the documents, someinformation below will help you to better understand the background beforereading the attached papers.&nbsp;</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black;'>&nbsp;</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><strong><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black;'>1/ MARP program</span></strong><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black;'>:&nbsp;</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black;'>&nbsp;</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Wingdings;color:black;">&Oslash;</span><span style="font-size:7.0pt;color:black;">&nbsp;</span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black;'>Overall the program was designed in 2012 as a fund to reducepoverty of poor households, especially ethnic minorities, through thegeneration of additional income and employment in selected value chains inwhich the poor can participate.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Wingdings;color:black;">&Oslash;</span><span style="font-size:7.0pt;color:black;">&nbsp;</span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black;'>The selection of projects (value chains) to support was donethrough a bidding process. A two stage procedure was used based on pre-definedcriteria (If interested, please contact SDC Hanoi for further details).&nbsp;</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black;'>o</span><span style='font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black;'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black;'>first round: concept note</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black;'>o</span><span style='font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black;'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black;'>second round: full proposal</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black;'>o</span><span style='font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black;'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black;'>Final round: Negotiation and discussion for improving quality ofproposal (market research as basis for appropriate intervention strategies,M&amp;E system, requirement for baseline data, ect. )</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black;'>o</span><span style='font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black;'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black;'>Projects under MARP started in April 2013 and end in June 2016.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;background:white;"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black;'>&nbsp;</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;background:white;"><strong><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black;'>2/Results achieved</span></strong><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black;'>:&nbsp;</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;background:white;"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black;'>-</span><span style='font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black;'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black;'>Results achieved from the report is for all value chains supportedand mainly recorded for participants who joined the projects for twoconsecutive years. That means, for those who only got support in the last year,impact on income has not materialized yet. The impact for rattan producers isexpected to materialize in a few years when the trees are harvested and sold toprocessing companies. Failure to have income increase has also been reported.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;background:white;"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black;'>-</span><span style='font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black;'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black;'>Results on systemic changes can also be found in the report, whichincludes: (a) transformation of resources (more investment); (b) changing thebehavior of key actors in the value chain; (c) improving the relations andtrust between actors; (d) enabling business environment; (e) system strengths:improving capacities and confidence of farmers, processors, governments to facefuture challenges</span></p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black;'>We have closed a program called Market Access for the Rural Poor program through value chain support (MARP) 2012-2016. The project, results achieved and lessons learned are described in the reader-friendly Asia Brief on the MARP project. With the positive results achieved.</span></p></div>

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<p align="LEFT"><font size="1"><font face="Optima-DemiBold" size="1"><font face="Optima-DemiBold" size="1"><b>How do you measure your entrepreneurial ecosystem? </b></font></font><font face="Optima"><font face="Optima">How should you interpret the data about your</font></font></font></p><font face="Optima" size="1"><font face="Optima" size="1"><p align="LEFT">startup community? What economic indicators should matter for vibrancy and growth? These questions</p><p align="LEFT">come up repeatedly in conversations with entrepreneurs, program heads, event organizers, investors,</p><p align="LEFT">policymakers, and others. The frequency of these queries reflects the phenomenon: With the rapid</p><p align="LEFT">spread of efforts to build entrepreneurial ecosystems, it’s only natural to wonder what outcomes should</p><p>be tracked. And, what you track depends on what you’re trying to achieve.</p></font></font>

Ein Orientierungswerk zu den Themen Philanthropie (Philantrophy), Venture Philanthropie, Impact Investing sowie Responsible Investing. Insbesondere soll das Handbuch dazu beitragen, gemeinnützigen Organisationen die verschiedenen Wirkungsmöglichkeiten ihrer Mittelverwendung als auch ihrer Mittelbeschaffung aufzuzeigen.

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This Working Paper seeks to clarify what is a social enterprise in a developing country context. It is written from a broad public interest perspective rather than one of an investor in such enterprises. We review some of the alternative descriptions in the literature to offer a relatively narrow definition, combining the primacy of the enterprise’s social intent with robust financial viability thresholds. We then propose a rough-and ready questionnaire tool and scoring scale that tries to locate candidate enterprises on these twin axes of social impact and financial sustainability. We apply this tool to a first small batch of relatively well-known cases, and then draw some preliminary lessons as to its potential wider applicability. We conclude that this modest effort illustrates both the difficulties and the value of clarifying concepts and definitions, and suggest it be extended to broader portfolios of candidate enterprises to refine the methodology.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font size="3"><font color="#000000"><font face="Calibri">Inclusive business support is a growing priority for manydonor and development agencies but views on the most effective support optionsvary. This scoping paper focuses on business environment reform: How canagencies help create an enabling environment for inclusive business in partnercountries? And how, if at all, does this differ from regulatory and policy reformto facilitate private investment in general? In order to help answer thesequestions, this paper summarizes a very large body of emerging evidence, structuringit into key debates for further exploration.<o:p></o:p></font></font></font></p>

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<font size="2"><p>The concept of shared value is becoming a linchpin of the modern mining sector. It goes beyond companies focusing on community investment and philanthropy approaches, and argues that firms can bring value to both themselves and their host communities, regions and countries by any of three different means: </p><dir><dir><p>1) Reconceiving products and markets, innovating to ensure that their products serve market needs and do as little harm as possible. </p><p>2) Redefining productivity in the value chain, looking for improvements in logistics and in the use of energy and other resources. </p><p>3) Building supportive industry clusters at the company’s locations, focusing on mutually beneficial improvements in infrastructure, supplier capacity and human resources. </p></dir></dir><p>In this paper, we consider what changes in technology might mean for the third of these avenues, focusing specifically on the ways in which firms add value to economies through their procurement of goods and services, and through employment. These categories of expenditures in our two case studies amounted to 30 per cent and 80 per cent respectively of total expenditure, while payments of royalties and taxes to government—a category of value on which there is often greater focus—amounted to 3 per cent and 15 per cent respectively. </p></font><p><font size="2">Any disruptions to these major streams of expenditure may have important repercussions: the shared-value paradigm, by promising to deliver benefits to host communities, regions and countries, has become increasingly critical for mining companies in securing their social licence to operate.</font><font size="1">1 </font><font size="2">The delicate balance inherent in the shared-value paradigm is especially relevant for developing countries and other states where poverty eradication, social development and environmental protection are urgent development challenges. </font></p><p><font size="2">The research question we ask in this paper is: <i><font face="Plantin MT Pro,Plantin MT Pro" size="2"><font face="Plantin MT Pro,Plantin MT Pro" size="2">In the near and medium terms, what will happen to the local employment and procurement components of the shared-value paradigm—and, by extension, to the mining companies’ social licence to operate—if technological change radically alters the amount of money mining firms are spending on hiring, procurement and other practices regarded as creating shared value? </font></font></i></font></p>

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<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>Important Definitions of Social Entrepreneurship</p></div>

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<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>Follow-up and Comments to Social Entrepreneurship in Western Balkans from the F2F in Pristina.</p></div>

Ce glossaire bilingue français-anglais et anglais-français des termes de l'appui non financier aux entreprises et de la formation professionnelle a été créé pour les praticiens. Il est avant tout conçu comme un outil d'aide à la traduction, facilitant la compréhension du vocabulaire de référence, notamment pour les francophones qui souhaitent avoir accès aux ouvrages anglo-saxons. Il se compose de 42 fiches terminologiques dans les deux langues, d'un lexique d'une centaine de termes et d'une bibliographie commentée.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>The paper focuses on how the impact from development programming can be equitably distributed amongst male and female beneficiaries. It focuses on the Alliances Lesser Caucasus Programme (ALCP) in Georgia and examines how to put gender and Women&rsquo;s Economic Empowerment (WEE) into practice in M4P.</p></div>

<p>‘The Swiss Confederation - a brief guide' contains information about Switzerland's political system, the administration and its judicial authorities. In addition to explaining the workings of the state it also provides an insight into the activities of the Federal Administration.</p><p>The Department of Foreign Affairs and its activities&nbsp;are presented on page 45 et seq.</p>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>This guidance note provides an annotated outline of a program-specific MRM Manual illustrated with examples from actual programs. The note will provide readers with a good understanding and practical examples of what to include in a program-specific MRM manual. Annexed to the guidance note are full MRM manuals from various programs.</p></div>

The Promoting Private Sector Employment (PPSE) programme in Kosovo is testing a methodology to report wider impacts of its interventions in the tourism sector. PPSE combines intervention-based research with statistical data provided by international institutions, to develop multipliers to estimate the number of indirect and induced jobs, attributable to their interventions in the tourism sector

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>This case profiles a programme which is advanced in its work towards the Standard. The case outlines Katalyst&rsquo;s experience with each component of the Standard, providing examples of how results measurement has improved programme management. It also includes a detailed measurement plan.</p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>This case is part of a guidance paper that provides an overview of the most common attribution methods and offers guidance on how to select the most appropriate attribution method for the diversity of interventions within their given context. This paper also documents the ways in which four programs selected and implemented four different attribution methods. It explains how ALCP assessed their impact in the livestock sector and why ALCP considers this particular attribution method the most appropriate way to assess the impact of their interventions. It also explains how they carried out the measurements.</p></div>

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<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>This case study was done less than two years after the project started supporting key market actors in the IT sector. It was therefore unlikely to already demonstrate the full eventual impact of the IT firms on jobs for young women and men. Two leading actors of the IT sector in BiH &ndash; HUB 387 and Bit Alliance &ndash; were used as entry to stimulate broader changes in the sector. The MarketMakers project were able to bring about greater awareness of IT as a career choice and an increasing number of students choosing IT education; improved public-private dialogue for changing perceptions of the IT sector in Government and the growth of trust between the Government and the private sector; and trust and interaction among IT private firms where entrepreneurship and innovation are valued, encouraging small companies and start-ups to grow more aggressively.</p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;'>This case study is one of a series exploring the application of the M4P approach to different fields of private sector development. A consideration of business environment issues features prominently in M4P approaches, where an understanding of how the &ldquo;rules of the game&rdquo; influence whether market are pro-poor or not is the starting point for intervention, .it draws on a range of small-scale or pilot activities to improve the business environment in Indonesia and Russia.&nbsp;</span></p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 99.25pt; line-height: normal;">A review of insights gained by Samriddhi in its support to livestock-related and medicinal plant value chains in rural Bangladesh</p><p><br></p></div>

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Reference"></w:LsdException> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"></w:LsdException> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"></w:LsdException> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"></w:LsdException> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0cm; mso-para-margin-right:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:8.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0cm; line-height:107%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-ansi-language:EN-GB; mso-fareast-language:EN-US;} </style> <![endif]-->This conference paper presents new research findings on the impact of commercial radio in Uganda on the livelihoods of the rural poor through its role as an active driver of change in business environment reform processes (limited to policy, legal, regulatory and administrative reforms).</p><p> <br></p>

<font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 3pt;"><span lang="EN-GB">The Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC) has been championing the market systems approach – an approach also known as Making Markets Work for the Poor (M4P). Market Systems Development (MSD) addresses the underlying causes of poor performance in markets that matter to people living in poverty and unemployment, in order to create lasting changes that have a large-scale impact. It views a market as a system of multiple players interacting with each other based on formal and informal rules and regulations – each player fulfilling a particular market function. Optimising these market functions and the rules that shape them to make the markets more effective and at the same time contributing to poverty reduction is the central aim of MSD. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: DE; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;'>The adaptive and facilitative way of intervening that is typical for MSD makes managing these projects different from projects following other approaches, both from an implementer as well as from a donor perspective. This document will focus on the latter.</span>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>Le Guide Operationnel de la demarche &ldquo;Faire Fonctionner les March&eacute;s au Benefice des Pauvres (M4P)&rdquo;, 2015: The second edition of the well-known operational guide for the M4P/MSD approach is now available in French.&nbsp;</p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>Gu&iacute;a operacional del enfoque &ldquo;Lograr que los mercados funcionen para los pobres (M4P)&rdquo; 2015: The second edition of the well-known operational guide for the M4P/MSD approach is now available in Spanish! Check it out here:&nbsp;</p></div>

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<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>Economic development is essential for tackling unemployment and poverty. Small and micro enterprises are the backbone of most developing economies. An enabling business environment as well as properly functioning markets and institutions are needed to ensure that these firms can realise their potential and thus contribute to job creation and higher incomes.</p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; line-height: normal;"><span lang="ES-PE">This document draws together resources and guidance&nbsp;on integrating&nbsp;gender and WEE into PSD programmes. This guidance is based on the practical experience of economic growth programmes integrating WEE.The document&nbsp;is structured according to the elements of the DCED Standard (Version VII). &gt;&gt; <a href="http://www.enterprise-development.org/wp-content/uploads/DCED-WEEWG-How-to-integrate-gender-into-PSD-programmes.pdf" target="_blank">find it here</a></span></p></div>

<span lang="ES-PE" style='background: white; color: black; line-height: 107%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-ansi-language: ES-PE; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;'>This technical paper provides an in-depth review of the fields of evolutionary economics, new institutional economics and complexity and social change. It is argued that economic development is a complex, non-linear&nbsp;and continuous evolutionary process. Both market and non-market institutions matter greatly in&nbsp;shaping economic&nbsp;performance. The paper explores the consequences of this understanding for market development practice.&nbsp;It discusses how market development practitioners can engage in and shape an&nbsp;intentional&nbsp;change processes. A<span class="apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span></span><span lang="ES-PE" style='line-height: 107%; font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: ES-PE; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;'><a href="https://beamexchange.org/resources/860" target="_blank"><span style='background: white; color: black; line-height: 107%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-themecolor: text1;'><u>discussion paper</u></span></a></span><span lang="ES-PE" style='background: white; color: black; line-height: 107%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-ansi-language: ES-PE; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;'>&nbsp;presents&nbsp;the key messages </span>

<div>What does market systems development mean? What does business and private enterprise have to do with reducing poverty? And how does this compare with more conventional aid?<br>Using a practical example, this short <a href="https://beamexchange.org/market-systems/video/" target="_blank">video </a>animation (4 minutes) explains the market systems approach: creating widespread and lasting improvements in access to income, jobs, services and products for people living in poverty.</div>

<p>Increasing use of market systems approaches in international development has led to a growing demand for skilled practitioners and high-performing teams. However, the current system of training and building capacity falls short of meeting the needs of programmes. This constraint threatens to undermine the effectiveness and credibility of the approach.</p><p>This paper is structured into three main parts: (i) the problem and the context; (ii) an analysis of possible solutions and (iii) recommendations.<br></p>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><div><span style="letter-spacing: 0.4px;">In this blog post, the authors unpack what impact investment entails and look into its relevance for sustainably financing development initiatives.&nbsp;</span>Looking back at the 1980s and 1990s: private investors often avoided developing country markets and did so for reasons &ndash; returns were too low especially for the level of risks; markets were not safe and attractive; and local investment climates were stifling and challenging.<br>Quick forward: new initiatives, in particular since 2007, have emerged to mitigate risks in investment while also leading to a significant and measurable improvement in the livelihoods of poor and disadvantaged women and men. Acclaimed as a &ldquo;new frontier&rdquo; in development finance, .. <a href="http://blog.helvetas.org/unpacking-impact-investment-what-its-and-why-its-relevant/" target="_blank">&gt;&gt;more&nbsp;</a></div></div>

The paper presents a view of current attribution practice in market systems development, drawing on several interviews with practitioners and experts as well as on practitioner oriented literature. It presents how causality is viewed in the theoretical evaluation literature. It suggests a typology of approaches based on different contexts and perspectives on change and discusses how this typology can be applied in market systems development and presents two programme case examples.

This short note summarises learning generated by the Lab on the use of facilitation tactics by ILO market systems projects, examining what worked, what did not, and why. The paper explores six principles of facilitation, adapted from Engineers Without Borders, and walks you through each of them using two real-life projects to examine how they applied them. <a href="http://training.itcilo.org/delta/VALUECHAINDEV/story_html5.html" target="_blank">Test also your facilitation skills in an online game</a>&nbsp;(fun!), where you play the role&nbsp;of an analyst partnering with the private sector to grow more inclusive vegetable markets for poor smallholder.

<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10.5pt;line-height: 107%;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,sans-serif;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;color:#403F42;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:EN-US; mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">The BEAM Exchange has launched a new directory of programmes around the world&nbsp;that use market systems approaches. The index can be used to find information and resources about programmes by country or sector focus.</span>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-size:10.5pt; 107%;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri; minor-latin;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;'>The guidance aims to help the projects to successfully design and manage MRM systems that are both solid and realistic. Unlike other MRM manuals, the focus is not on what project should do, but on what projects can do when facing certain challenges during the design or implementation of the MRM system. We have tried to use many practical examples to illustrate the various MRM challenges our projects are experiencing and to describe the solutions or strategies that are being used to overcome these problems. Download a <a href="https://www.shareweb.ch/site/EI/Documents/HowTo/PSD%20Summary_Guidance_Rightsizing%20MRM%20system.pdf" target="_blank">summary version here</a>. You might also enjoy a <a href="http://blog.helvetas.org/learning-expedition-with-15-projects-on-monitoring-and-results-measurement/" target="_blank">blog post</a> on the &quot;learning expedition&quot; that has let to this publication.&nbsp;</span></p><div><div><div class="msocomtxt" id="_com_1" language="JavaScript"><!--[if !supportAnnotations]--><br></div><!--[endif]--></div></div></div>

<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10.5pt;line-height: 107%;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,sans-serif;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">This update brings together key findings from recent original studies on constraints and solutions to women’s economic empowerment (WEE), as well as the social and economic benefits of WEE.</span>

This note gives an overview of major business partnership funds and facilities that are publicised on donor agency websites, and that include economic or private sector development among their objectives. It is based on the experiences of more than 20 funds and facilities supported by donor agencies and includes lessons and debates for funders and implementers of partnership funds and facilities.

DCED has reviewed more than 100 documents including empirical experience and emerging evidence – not only from inclusive business (IB) but also other private sector development programmes, such as market development, industrial policy or business environment reform. In two pages, DCEDs extensive review of experience and evidences is summarized and presented

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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10.5pt;line-height: 107%;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,sans-serif;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">This summary is based on a 34-page DCED report published in 2017 which documents how development organisations are changing policies and procedures, staff roles and team structures, as well as staff capacity and incentives to enable private sector engagement.</span>

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<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage">The summary paper of the e-discussion recognizes &nbsp;that there are important synergies between work in local economic development and in democratization, decentralization and local governance (DDLG). LED is a relevant approach for SDC as the approach integrates inclusive economic development and local governance, two priority topics for SDC. LED allows SDC to have a closer connection to an area and its local communities. LED is a way to empower people and include them in decision-making, which can reduce causes for conflicts.</div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage">Presentation on LED with examples from Honduras, Nicaragua, Mali, Georgia and Bangaldesh.</div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p><strong>IMPACT BONDS IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: Early Learnings from the Field</strong></p><p>In 2015, the Brookings Institution published a report on the potential and limitations of impact bonds, which chronicled the development of the first 38 impact bonds in high income countries and analyzed the landscape (Gustafsson-Wright et al., 2015). This report takes the field further forward, exploring the lessons learned in the development of impact bonds in low- and middle income countries, bringing together the findings from interviews with stakeholders and research into the impact bond space conducted by the authors over the course of a year. In addition, the report draws on discussions from an intensive daylong workshop held in London in November 2016, in which impact bond practitioners from developing countries shared their experiences and early lessons learned. The report includes a Deal Book with detailed fact sheets for all impact bonds in developing countries, featuring both the four contracted and 24 in design phases, as of August 1, 2017.</p></div>

Private Sector Engagement (PSE) has evolved into an important approach among donors. This report reviews how PSE interventions may give rise to negative market distortions, in three areas: Reinforcing the market power of targeted companies at the expense of other firms, raising barriers to market entry, and reinforcing information asymmetries. Such risks of negative market distortion can be actively countered if explicitly considered in PSE programming.

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage">The 2030 Agenda calls for the most ambitious financing strategy for sustainable development yet, with a dual challenge of mobilising unprecedented volumes of resources, and leaving no one behind. Beyond public resources, private, domestic and international sources of finance are increasingly also needed. This includes taxes, private investment, philanthropy and remittances. As the paradigm of development co-operation is changing, new models are emerging in sustainable development finance.&nbsp;</div><div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><strong>Social impact investment (SII) </strong>not only mobilises private financing to contribute to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) but, most importantly, it catalyses innovative new approaches to social, environmental and economic challenges. In addition, SII brings accountability. Social impact investment is predicated on the intention of having a social impact in addition to financial return. Therefore, defining and measuring impact is critical. As investors increasingly engage in sustainable finance, it is imperative that impact is explicitly monitored, assessed and reported. </div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage">The focus of the Youth Employment Project is on improving the work of the Public Employment Services (PES) by introducing new methods of work, which will enable them to provide better services to young people, to match them with prospective employers and to encourage self-employment. Additionally, the project will contribute to raising general public awareness of youth employment issues.</div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>The Swiss Programme for Research on Global Issues for Development (r4d programme), co-financed by SDC and the Swiss National Science Foundation, finances research partnerships between Switzerland and African, Asian and Latin American countries in order to provide policy-makers with scientific and development-relevant knowledge. The r4d programme focuses on five thematic areas: social conflicts, ecosystems, public health, <strong>food security and employment</strong>.<br><br>The latter two areas are of particular relevance for the readers of this newsletter. A dedicated session on the r4d programme took place at the F2F event of the e+i and EPS networks in May 2019 in Solothurn. In October 2019, the r4d program launched its new <a href="http://www.k4d.ch" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Knowledge for Development platform</a>. It portrays evidence-based research information tailor-made for an interested public and professionals in the field of sustainable development cooperation. A filter function helps you to find easily the content of your interests.</p><p>The platform will be constantly growing and fed with new outputs from the r4d projects and r4d syntheses are published throughout the next years. We invite you to visit the <a href="http://www.k4d.ch" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">platform&nbsp;</a>- a contribution to transformative knowledge societies taking forward sustainable development at local, regional and global scales.</p><p><br></p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>According to the United Nations, 68% of the global population is expected to live in urban areas by 2050. In this context, SDG 11 exhorts countries to &lsquo;make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable&rsquo;. This Synthesis Note defines key terms, considers urbanisation as a trend, and explores the implications for LED, Business Environment Reform, Market Systems Development and Private Sector Engagement.</p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>This summary draws on a wider report that maps private-sector activities relevant to migrants and explores how private and public-sector actors can engage jointly with migrants at various stages of the migration cycle.</p></div>

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<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>This Newsletter Brief highlights first experiences how iDE Mozambique responded to the humanitarian and development needs of the post-Idai cyclone context and the Covid-19 pandemic with the Farmer Resilience and Rebuilding Initiative (FRRI). A short version can be found <a href="https://www.shareweb.ch/site/EI/Documents/PSD/200604_Newsletter_Short%20Version_iDE%20Field%20Perspectives.pdf" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">here</a>.&nbsp;</p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage">This short Newsletter Brief highlights first experiences how iDE Mozambique responded to the humanitarian and development needs of the post-Idai cyclone context and the Covid-19 pandemic with the Farmer Resilience and Rebuilding Initiative (FRRI).</div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>This note summarises key trends in short-term adjustments made by Private Sector Development (PSD) programmes in response to COVID-19. &nbsp;It focuses on PSD themes and approaches covered by the DCED&rsquo;s Working Groups, which all have COVID-related work in progress. This note is complemented by a separate summary of donor and development agencies&rsquo; emerging economic recovery and resilience strategies.&nbsp;</p><p>For more detailed information on short-term adjustments to PSD programmes in response to COVID-19, visit the dedicated knowledge page <a href="https://www.enterprise-development.org/private-sector-development-and-covid-19/adjusting-psd-short-term/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">here</a>. &nbsp;</p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>This research brief looks at characteristics of labour markets in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and draws on lessons from programmes that use a market systems approach to make these markets work better for young people. The brief provides a synthesis of key findings for those looking to take a systemic approach to working with youth and labour markets in SSA or those more broadly engaged with the challenge of decent work for young people. It draws on learnings from six market systems programmes. In doing so, it builds on existing research and compares multiple projects across countries and continents to help development practitioners understand how they can more effectively use a market systems approach to create more and better jobs for Africa&rsquo;s youth.The brief provides a synthesis of key findings for those looking to take a systemic approach to working with youth and labour markets in sub-Saharan Africa or those more broadly engaged with the challenge of decent work for young people.&nbsp;</p><p>It draws on lessons learnt from six market systems programmes. It builds on existing research and compares multiple projects across countries and continents to help development practitioners understand how they can more effectively use a market systems approach to create more and better jobs for Africa&rsquo;s youth.</p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>This BEAM&nbsp;<a href="https://beamexchange.org/uploads/filer_public/1f/44/1f44ee59-59a4-4be0-8899-542a42c6e0c1/posthumus_et_al_2020_a_pragmatic_approach_to_assessing_system_change.pdf" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><strong>short paper</strong></a> (19 pages) explores how to develop a system change strategy and intervention plans that lay the groundwork for system change assessment, including how to set system boundaries and how to identify the system changes a programme aims to catalyse; and assess system changes using both (i) an intervention lens focused on changes introduced by specific interventions, and (ii) a helicopter lens that provides a whole system view.&nbsp;</p><p><br></p><p>A<strong>&nbsp;BEAM&nbsp;</strong><a href="https://beamexchange.org/community/webinar/assessing-system-change"><strong>webinar</strong></a> where the four authors provided an overview and answered burning questions was attended by 166 practitioners. After that, the authors published a more depth version &nbsp;<a href="https://www.shareweb.ch/site/EI/Documents/PSD/MSD%20A%20Pragmatic%20Approach%20to%20Assessing%20System%20Change%20(long%20version).pdf" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">&quot;<strong>A pragmatic approach to assessing system change, how to put it into practice</strong>&quot;</a> (91-pages) . It explains in detail how to implement this pragmatic approach with worked examples and useful tips.</p></div>

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<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>This is a free-standing document that is made to collate practioners&#39; experience in doing remote or partly remote monitoring. It was triggered in response to the Covid-19 pandemic and is also useful to practitioners with other limitations on monitoring such as security or distance. However, it also aims to assist practitioners with improving monitoring efficiency, bearing in mind the trade-offs between remote and in-person monitoring.</p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>Despite acknowledging the importance of WASH&#39;s business role in providing better sanitation services, governments and donors haven&rsquo;t sufficiently strengthened the structures and systems needed to adequately engage the private sector. To accelerate progress for consumers and countries, development efforts need to aggressively tap markets and engage the private sector to find solutions to deliver true impact by 2030. PSI&rsquo;s Senior Technical Advisor for WASH, John Sauer, and Sanitation Solutions Group co-founder and CEO, Sherina Munyana, outline reasons for businesses to consider WASH as a growth area in this new Devex article.</p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>In Latin America, only 10% of the 541,000 tons a day of solid waste produced is used, which means that the remaining 90% is discarded and creates large sources of contamination. However, in recent years a global trend towards Circular Economies has emerged and it recognises that the economic model of &quot;extract, produce, waste&quot; is already reaching the limit of its physical capacity. In addition to caring for the environment, Circular Economies open the possibility of green businesses with income opportunities for many people.</p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>Building entrepreneurial ecosystems just got a little bit easier &ndash; Swisscontact and Startup Heatmap Europe have developed a self-assessment tool for startup ecosystems around the world.<br> It aims to measure the &ldquo;health&rdquo; of an entrepreneurial Ecosystem using 8 science-based metrics ranging from the availability of talent to diversity and questions of governance. The toolkit supports managers of startup programs, university incubators, ecosystem builder and policy makers in both in mature and developing ecosystems. This publication is a product of the Credit Suisse - Swisscontact initiative, which is financed by Credit Suisse, among other donors. As part of the Swisscontact Development Programme, it is co-financed by the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC). </p></div>

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<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>The Springfield Center takes a systemic approach to development, offering advice, training and research in line with the &lsquo;Market Systems Development (MSD)&rsquo; approach, which is also sometimes called &lsquo;Making Markets work for the Poor (M4P). </p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>Between 2000 and 2017, Katalyst has benefitted 4.69 million SMEs and farmers with an income increase in USD 689 million. It is the largest market development project in South Asia.</p></div>

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<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>An independent evaluation assessing how SDC-financed MSD projects in agriculture were implemented from 2013 to 2019.&nbsp;SDC&nbsp;funded 275 projects in this period&nbsp;that had major elements of MSD in agriculture.</p><p>Overall the evaluators conclude that&nbsp;MSD was demanding on project teams and the Swiss Cooperation Offices (SCOs).&nbsp;A high level of skill was required to find market failures and define what to do. Ensuring actions needed&nbsp;to stimulate the private sector without distorting the market whilst avoiding the&nbsp;project becoming trapped as a permanent actor.</p><p>Over several phases, projects built up their skill base. They achieved this either by training their own staff or by building local NGO capacity. This gave rise to a slow start, but it paid dividends over the years with considerable skills being built up within the projects.</p><p>This report includes the management response. <a href="https://www.shareweb.ch/site/EI/Documents/HowTo/M4P/M4P%20Case%20Study/SDC%20-%20Factsheet%20-%20MSD%20in%20Agriculture%20Sector.pdf?web=1" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><strong>Link&nbsp;</strong></a>to the factsheet.</p><p><br></p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>This brief offers insights into how PSE and MSD can contribute to transformational impact, with a focus on opportunities for more intentional, strengths-based collaboration and learning. It is intended as a launchpad forvadditional initiatives that offer targeted guidance and case studies, build capacity, and strengthen networks.</p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>InovAgro launched its case study series to capture the knowledge it has gained on market systems development in Mozambique since 2011 and to share it widely among the agricultural development stakeholders including the government, market actors, and donor agencies. This case study on Establishing Private Sector Capacity for Seed Inspection in Mozambique is the seventh in the series and reviews the work of InovAgro between 2015 and 2021 to work with the National Seed Department (SD) of the Ministry of Agriculture, the government regulator, to improve delivery of seed certification services. InovAgro&rsquo;s support included working with the SD to improve the regulatory framework for the certification of seed, and to pilot the training to demonstrate the value proposition for the private sector to invest in (i.e. pay for) training their staff to be able to inspect their own fields as part of the certification process and build a market for the training. It examines the issues around the current level of sustainability and the implications for the future.</p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>The case study on Establishing Private Sector Capacity for Seed Inspection in Mozambique reviews the work of InovAgro between 2015 and 2021 to work with the National Seed Department (SD) of the Ministry of Agriculture, the government regulator, to improve delivery of seed certification services. InovAgro&rsquo;s support included working with the SD to improve the regulatory framework for the certification of seed, and to pilot the training to demonstrate the value proposition for the private sector to invest in (i.e. pay for) training their staff to be able to inspect their own fields as part of the certification process and build a market for the training. It examines the issues around the current level of sustainability and the implications for the future.</p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>The document brings together knowledge on Local Economic Development (LED) with current experiences of delivering LED within SDC. It aims to support design, implementation and steering of LED initiatives within SDC. After getting some initial understanding of what LED is this guidance will help you to deepen your understanding of the implications of LED for programme management within SDC&rsquo;s Project Cycle Management (PCM).</p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>In this video, you will find a short explanation and overview of the guidance paper on managing MSD projects for SDC head office and cooperation office staff. This document is also available in French.</p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>This poster that can be printed and displayed in your office to make people aware of the new guidance on Managing MSD projects &ndash; it includes QR codes for easy access to the PDFs.</p></div>

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<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p><strong>Impact-Linked Finance&nbsp;</strong>holds a huge potential for public and catalytic funders to enable high-potential enterprises to optimize for impact and strengthen their commercial viability. It helps these enterprises attract private sector investment and significantly increase their positive impact.&nbsp;</p><p>This brief outlines the Impact-Linked Finance approach, describes its characteristics, modalities, and design principles, and thus helps public and catalyic funders to seize the opportunity. The brief was created by Roots of Impact on behalf of the <a href="https://ilf-fund.org/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><strong>Impact-Linked Finance Fund</strong></a> with support from the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC). The Impact-Linked Finance Fund, set up as a Dutch non-profit foundation, is acting as a capital provider and knowledge hub for the practice of Impact-Linked Finance.&nbsp;</p><p>It also advocates for embedding impact-related principles and terms in other areas of business, policy and finance. More at <a href="https://ilf-fund.org/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><strong>www.ilf-fund.org</strong></a></p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage">Social entrepreneurship has become a driver of significant social change. The IED Team is funding a regional project in Latin America.</div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>At the DAC High Level Meeting on 31 October 2017, Members of the DAC adopted the <strong>five OECD DAC Blended Finance Principles&nbsp;</strong>for unlocking Commercial Finance for the SDGs.&nbsp;</p><p>Reflecting the development mandate of DAC donors, the Principles are targeted at the policy level, and aim to ensure that blended finance is deployed in the most effective way to address the financing needs for sustainable development, by mobilising additional commercial capital and enhancing impact. It should be noted that the OECD DAC Principles are a policy tool for all providers of development finance - donor governments, multilateral donors, development co-operation agencies, philanthropies and other stakeholders. The Principles were elaborated in close coordination with other international initiatives on blended finance, such as the DFI Enhanced Principles on Blended Concessional Finance for Private Sector Projects, which are targeted at the operational level </p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>This paper presents the findings of an examination of OECD Development Assistance Committee (DAC) members&rsquo; efforts to advance women&rsquo;s economic empowerment (WEE) within their development cooperation and gender equality policies and strategies. It analyses the variety of definitions and sub-themes that address WEE and the different types of policies within which WEE is incorporated. It also highlights examples of good practices and offers policy options for development co-operation actors to support the advancement of WEE, and ultimately the realisation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and SDG5 in particular.</p></div>

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<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage">Blended finance involves the use of different financial instruments that can be used alone or together to address unfavourable risk-return profiles of investment in developing countries. This chapter outlines the main risks facing commercial investors in developing countries. It presents the types of financial instruments that can be used in blended finance and outlines the main mechanisms and structures that blending entails. The chapter presents examples to illustrate how different instruments and approaches come together to crowd in private, commercial investment for development outcomes.</div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>Premium payments for real impact achieved can systematically close the gap between demand and supply. With Social Impact Incentives (SIINC), social enterprises are empowered to raise large amounts of investment and to grow sustainably while creating positive social impact at scale.</p><p>This whitepaper gives an overview of the rational behind SIINC and what to consider when setting up such an initiative.</p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>Impact-Linked Finance holds a huge potential for public and catalytic funders to enable high-potential enterprises to optimize for impact and strengthen their commercial viability. It helps these enterprises attract private sector investment and significantly increase their positive impact.&nbsp;</p><p>This Primer elaborated by Roots of Impact with the support of SDC outlines the Impact-Linked Finance approach, describes its characteristics, modalities, and design principles, and thus helps public and catalyic funders to seize the opportunity.</p></div>

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<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p><strong>The MSD tool library offers:</strong>&nbsp;</p><ul><li><strong>Easy access for MSD practitioners at all levels of expertise</strong><br>&nbsp;It provides an entry point for individuals who are new to the MSD approach. It amplifies useful tools and facilitates dialogue by sharing contact details of tool authors.</li><li><strong>Tool classification and categorisation</strong><br>&nbsp;It helps users find the tool they need quickly using filters that search by tool type, theme and programme area.&nbsp;</li><li><strong>Regular updates including the latest innovations</strong><br>The library will be kept up to date through stocktaking and curation, approximately every two years.</li></ul></div>

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<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>The evaluation found that overall the programmes such as PES and SIINC LATAM, which promote both the social impact of small- and medium-sized enterprises and support a conducive social entrepreneurship ecosystem are highly relevant in the Latin American region.</p><p>Social entrepreneurs supported by PES and SIINC LATAM were mostly positive about the two programmes. Out of all the survey responses received, the enterprises are quasi-unanimously satisfied with the support they received from either of the programmes. Similarly, respondents mostly indicated that the programmes had a positive effect on the social impact that their business generates (81%), on improving the measurement of impact (75%), and on growth (78%). Regarding SEs&rsquo; access to necessary financing, both programmes had a substantial effect.&nbsp;</p><p>This evaluation report includes the management response by SDC.&nbsp;</p></div>

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<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p><strong>Lessons from 64 ILO market systems analysis which can improve their use</strong>&nbsp;</p><p>Although the number of analyses is growing and this can be indicative of a broader shift to more systemic thinking in the ILO, a question persists &ndash; are MSAs worth the effort? This study aims to answer this question by unpacking key lessons from 64 MSAs that the ILO conducted from the start of 2020 through June 2022 and concluding with recommendations to help projects within the ILO and beyond ensure more effective resource use during this phase and, hopefully, more targeted MSD projects.</p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><strong>Introducing the Investment Credit&nbsp;</strong></div><div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><strong><br></strong></div><div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage">The Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC) has expanded its Private Sector Engagement (PSE) portfolio over the past years. In 2021, it introduced the Investment Credit designed to facilitate direct investments into structured funds or granting impact-linked loans. This credit aims to foster innovation, and leverage private finance to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), with a specific focus on Least Developed Countries (LDCs) and underserved sectors. Managed by the Competence Centre for Engagement with the Private Sector (CEP), this credit has already approved two investments in 2022 and 2023, respectively. As of 2024, 4.9 million CHF is available for investment, enabling the development of 1-2 ventures aligned with SDC&rsquo;s objectives at the thematic or country levels. The SDC Investment Credit represents a strategic initiative to foster private sector investments for the SDGs. By leveraging private finance and embracing innovative ventures, SDC is committed to driving meaningful impact in LDCs and underserved sectors, while adhering to relevant criteria for investment selection and measurement.</div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage">Women&rsquo;s entrepreneurship development (WED) has an important role to play in achieving decent work and inclusive growth. Nevertheless, persistent gendered inequalities continue to create major disparities in opportunities to start and grow a business across the world. This compendium provides an overview of 19 recent ILO projects and programmes supporting women&rsquo;s entrepreneurship and gender equality across different contexts and offers ILO field offices, colleagues and outside practitioners a wealth of experiences from which to draw ideas, inspiration, lessons learned and innovation. The findings and learnings from these interventions seek in addition to further inspire and guide the future strategic focus of the ILO-WED programme.</div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>Are you also concerned with unemployment rates? &nbsp;Are you also often disappointed with programs&rsquo; impacting under- and unemployment? &nbsp;Do you wish to make a difference for your target group? &nbsp;Then take 30 minutes to scan this&nbsp;<a href="https://www.shareweb.ch/site/EI/Documents/PSD/Psd%20Slide%20Deck%20Employment%20(Final)%20.pdf" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><strong>slide deck&nbsp;</strong></a>that will help you to design and steer employment programs better.&nbsp;</p><p><br></p><p>It helps you to understand and address the real challenges in labour markets. It helps you to put labour markets central to your analyses and program design. It raises seven crucial issues and answering them will inform you how your programs should influence labour markets, with realistic expectations about the programs&rsquo; potential impact. This slide deck leans on existing and emerging concepts, approaches and tools and serves as a gateway to further readings.</p><p><br></p><p>Developing this&nbsp;<a href="https://www.shareweb.ch/site/EI/Documents/PSD/Psd%20Slide%20Deck%20Employment%20(Final)%20.pdf" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><strong>slide deck</strong></a> raised discussions and we hope that this final version will also trigger further discussions in the field. That is what is needed if we are serious about&nbsp;unemployment. &nbsp;</p><p><br></p><p>Give us (<a href="mailto:Peter.Beez@eda.admin.ch"><strong>Peter Beez</strong></a> and/or&nbsp;<a href="mailto:hans@hposthumus.nl"><strong>Hans Posthumus</strong></a>) feedback, tell us what you wish to do, and tell us what you need to make the difference!</p><p><br></p><p style='margin:0cm;font-size:15px;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;'><br></p><p style='margin:0cm;font-size:15px;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;'><br></p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage">Low productivity is often a key constraint in many sectors. Yet sector productivity is rarely a good indicator for improved livelihoods of target groups. It says nothing about the root causes of low productivity and it says nothing about the resulting benefits of increased sector productivity. A systemic approach is needed; defining relevant sector and target group performance indicators to assess why root causes change and how that affects the target groups&rsquo; well-being.</div>

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Is lean data the solution to the measuring problem of aid effectivenes assesments? This presentation provides you with some thoughts about the topic.

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>This study is about one of 22 technical assistance supports for investees and their end clients to deepen the impact of investments funds under a public-private development partnership between SDC and responsAbility Investments AG from 2010 to mid of 2019. It forms part of a series of thematic case studies of SDC&rsquo;s Employment + Income Network.</p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>This case study is based on the experience of PROMIFIN (2003 &ndash; 2013), a programme promoting the access to financial services for the low-income populations in Central America, financed by the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC) and implemented by TRIODOS FACET. It forms part of a series of thematic case studies of SDC&rsquo;s Employment + Income Network.</p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>This study outlines a rating approach for microfinance investment vehicles as part of global initiatives supported by the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC) in<br>promoting accountability and transparency on social performance in microfinance. It forms part of a series of thematic case studies of SDC&rsquo;s Employment + Income Network.</p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>To monitor the implementation of Switzerland&#39;s international cooperation strategy for 2021 - 2024, SDC has approved a set of ressult indicators according to the 10 sub-objectives of the strategy. Result indicators allow to assess outcomes and outputs achieved with SDC support.&nbsp;</p><p><strong>E+E has 5 ARIs - Aggregated Result Indicators.</strong></p><p><strong>2 ARIs for EDU</strong></p><p><strong>3 ARIs for IED</strong></p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>The <strong>medium-term orientation&nbsp;</strong>defines the thematic and methodological priorities that SDC&rsquo;s focal point and network on Employment and Income (e+i) for 2015 - 2019.&nbsp;</p><p>A new medium-term orientation is in discussion for the new section Economy &amp; Education with the aim to start from 2023 and beyond.</p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>In this paper, Christian Br&auml;ndli from SECO and Luca Etter from SDC provide an overview on Social Impact Bonds (SIB) and put light on this &quot;new&quot; instrument for donors, listing critical questions and factors to consider before setting up a SIB.</p><p>&nbsp;A very well written must-read for everybody who participated at the <a href="https://www.shareweb.ch/site/EI/Pages/FSD/Events/SC-Forum/SC-Forum-2016-09-Blended-Finance.aspx" target="_blank">Savings and Credit Forum on &quot;Blended Finance&quot;</a> in September 2016, and is impatiently awaiting the next in <a href="https://www.shareweb.ch/site/EI/Pages/FSD/Events/SC-Forum/SC-Forum-2017-03-Social-Performance.aspx" target="_blank">March 2017</a> on Social Performance Management and Reporting Practices of Financial Institutions and Microfinance Impact Investors.</p><p>Social Impact Bonds (SIB) are a relatively &ldquo;new&rdquo; instrument for donors to finance development interventions. SECO and SDC have both launched projects that use a variation of SIBs in their partner countries. This paper explains the most important aspects of SIBs and lists critical questions and factors to consider before setting up a SIB. The paper is work in progress and aimed as an input for colleagues who are considering an SIB. It does not represent an official position.</p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage">SDC&rsquo;s Financial Sector Development (FSD) experts have carried out a project portfolio analysis for the years 2015&ndash;2019, which revealed the central role of FSD as enabler of many different SDGs.One of its results is a <a href="https://www.shareweb.ch/site/EI/Pages/Content/Profiles.aspx?SmartID=4388&item1=FSD%20Project%20Portfolio" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><strong>project portfolio map</strong></a> that shows project-type interventions with expenditures related to financial sector development in 2019.</div>

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<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>The SDC is investing around CHF 60 million per year in financial sector development with a special focus on the financial inclusion of the most vulnerable.</p><p>This Factsheet gives an overview about SDC FSD approach.</p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>Cette &eacute;tude de cas a &eacute;t&eacute; r&eacute;alis&eacute;e dans le cadre d&rsquo;un mandat de la DDC durant lequel des &eacute;tudiants en Master d&rsquo;Universit&eacute;s suisses ont eu l&rsquo;opportunit&eacute; de r&eacute;aliser leur m&eacute;moire de fin d&rsquo;&eacute;tudes sur un sujet li&eacute; au programme de d&eacute;veloppement du secteur financier de la DDC dans les pays en transition et en d&eacute;veloppement. Ce mandat, ex&eacute;cut&eacute; par Intercooperation, s&rsquo;ins&eacute;rait dans les activit&eacute;s de contribution de la DDC &agrave; l&rsquo;Ann&eacute;e de la Microfinance 2005 des Nations Unies.</p><p>Avec la contribution de Valeria R&igrave;os, Universidad Privada Boliviana</p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p><span style="color: rgb(17, 17, 17); font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: normal; white-space: pre-wrap;">This short, jargon-free video explains what the market systems approach is all about: how it differs from conventional aid, and how it can be used to help create widespread and lasting improvements in incomes, access to jobs, products and services for millions of people living in poverty.</span></p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>This guidance sheet is part of a series of tools developed to support SDC staff and partners in designing and implementing projects targeting the promotion of financial inclusion. This specific guidance sheet introduces the concept and key aspects of the financial inclusion of migrants (FIM). It provides guidance on the design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of SDC project interventions improving FIM.</p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>In this document the Focal Point e+i listed all planned activites and topics for 2017. Important: there will be no global F2F in 2017! The Focal Point is planning to organize a F2F in spring 2018.</p></div>

<p><span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; letter-spacing: 0.4px; text-align: justify;">In November 2017, SDC’s Focal Points (FPs) on Employment &amp; Income (e+i) and Gender decided to capitalize their experience on women’s financial inclusion. Both Focal Points realized that Women’s Financial Inclusion has little visibility in the strategic and operational work of SDC and that it is not always reported upon systematically. It has been decided to conduct a stock taking of SDC programs focusing on or contributing to women’s financial inclusion. 50 projects have been received and analyzed, out of which 10 were selected for an e-consultation and then, the working team opened the floor to a webinar and a two days long e-discussion to discuss women’s financial inclusion approaches – and what gaps need to be addressed and filled.</span><br></p>

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<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>The toolbox &lsquo;promoting equal participation in sustainable economic development&rsquo; intends to close this gap and to contribute to the wider dissemination of knowledge and best practice examples, both within GIZ and among partner organisations. Promoting equal participation in economic development and, in particular, equal opportunities in the labour market is a challenging task that requires a multiplicity of interventions.</p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>This Glossary includes the most important terminologies and definitions about IED result measurement.</p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage">SDC&rsquo;s Savings and Credit Forum Sustainable health financing through inclusive health insurance &ndash; public and private approaches Thursday, June 10th, 2021 / 10-12 CET (online) </div>

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<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage">SDC&#39;s networks on Migration and Development (GPMD) and employment and income (e+i) have joint forces to draft this exploratory paper. It provides an insight into projects, programmes and initiatives worldwide, which aim at improving the financial inclusion of migrants (FIM) and refugees.<br><br>It starts with an overview of the current state of global migration and financial inclusion, followed by an overview of the financial needs of migrant persons and their constraints to accessing financial services, it also includes different types of interventions and concludes with a summary of potential solutions, main actors (public and private) which intervene on FIM and recommendations.<br><br>The paper is mainly directed at SDC staff and partner organisations who can use it in programme design.</div>

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<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>The <strong>GIF Toolbox for Governance and Financial Inclusion&nbsp;</strong>is designed to enable&nbsp;</p><p>financial institutions to implement and strengthen processes of Good Governance in their institutions. &nbsp;The Toolbox is based on SPTF universal principles and standards, and intermediary financial institutions governability principles, recommended by the Basel Commission on Banking Supervision. <strong>The toolbox is meant for the expert practitioner.&nbsp;</strong>GIF Instruments include three main areas: GOVERNANCE MANUAL &amp; INTRODUCTION: What practices and standards should be incorporated? INSTRUMENTS FOR THE DIAGNOSIS &amp; EVALUATION: Which are the main improvement areas for the financial institution? TOOLBOX WITH WORKING AIDS: How to incorporate best practices in the financial institution?</p></div>

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<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>This Glossary includes the most important FSD terminologies and definitions.</p></div>

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<p>The 2030 Agenda with its 17 Sustainable Development Goals seeks to complete what the Millennium Development Goals did not achieve, particular in reaching the most vulnerable. Inclusive insurance as a risk protection mechanism can arguably support many of the SDGs. Being an integral part of financial systems development, inclusive insurance is a cross-cutting approach, adopted to contribute to the goals of other development agendas, such as food security, agricultural, rural and private sector development and gender mainstreaming.</p><div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><br></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>How do you expand the distribution of insurance in a nascent market? In a country where only 3.4% of adults actually have an insurance product? This was the challenge for NBC Mozambique in 2014, when it became the country&#39;s first microinsurer. Read this Emerging Insight to see how NBC Mozambique thought outside the box and developed partnerships with non-traditional distribution channels.</p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage">The European Microfinance Award 2020 on &lsquo;Encouraging Effective &amp; Inclusive Savings&rsquo; has generated an astonishing wealth of information and insight. In this publication &nbsp;the european Microfinance Platform (e-MFP) presents the ten Award semi-finalists and how their diverse and fascinating initiatives actually encourage savings &ndash; and the factors for their success.</div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>Created in 1998, <strong>CERISE</strong> is a French non-profit organization, pioneer in social performance management. CERISE is dedicated to responsible and ethical finance, willing to find solutions for mission-driven organizations to make their social goals a reality.&nbsp;</p><p>CERISE believes finance can be responsible, ethical and inclusive, as long as economic actors adopt approaches to measure and manage their social performance.</p><p>As a&nbsp;social innovator, CERISE&nbsp;works with actors in&nbsp;inclusive finance, social business&nbsp;and&nbsp;impact-investing&nbsp;to co-create social standards and social assessment tools that are free to all.</p><p>CERISE offers consultancy services to all types of mission-driven organizations equipping them with the skills and tools they need to define and achieve their impact thesis.</p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage">The <strong>Project of Governance and Financial Inclusion (GIF)</strong> seeks Latin American Financial Institutions (IFI) to improve and strengthen their Governance and Quality Standards; and to become more sustainable and more inclusive. To this end, GIF has developed a toolbox with a set of instruments, based on international good practices, to assist the financial institutions in serving the needs of their low-income users with their financial and non-financial services.</div><div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage">This document provides a quick overview of the tools for the quick reader.&nbsp;</div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>SDC&#39;s financial sector policy describes the strategic orientation, operational principles and instruments of SDC&#39;s activities in financial sector development. A must for everybody working in an SDC financial sector project!</p></div>

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The toolbox covers each e+i topic- VSD, PSD and FSD- with an entire chapter. It comprises various tools of which each is briefly described outlining expected impacts, key steps for implementation as well as potential partners to work with. Most tools are illustrated with a good practice example. <a href="http://www.enterprise-development.org/page/download?id=2690" target="_blank"> &gt;Download this document</a>

These guidelines summarise over thirty years of lessons learned, translated into operational advice.

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The "blue book" describes all aspects of financial sector development: policy and legal framework, regulation and supervision, access to financial markets of MFIs and describes different policy options for donors and practitioners.

The CGAP SmartAid for Microfinance Index measures and rates the way microfinance funders work. Its indicators assess five areas: strategic clarity, staff capacity, accountability for results, knowledge management, and appropriate instruments. An independent, external assessment, the Index highlights strengths and areas for improvement; it does not, however, evaluate the quality of programs on-the-ground. Ten funders—AECID, AFD, AfDB, EC, GTZ, IFAD, ILO, MIF, SDC, and UNCDF—participated in SmartAid 2009. These are the results of the assessment of SDC. More information on <a href ="http://www.cgap.org/p/site/c/template.rc/1.11.7956/">http://www.cgap.org/p/site/c/template.rc/1.11.7956/</a>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>This Manual for Strategic and Operational Project Cycle Management (PCM) aims at improving Accountability for Results in SDC Financial Sector Development cooperation projects. The manual provides practice-oriented guidance to development professionals dealing with FSD projects. The manual focuses on planning, monitoring, evaluating and steering FSD initiatives. Its main audience is SDC programme management staff and partner representatives with whom projects are planned, monitored and evaluated.<a href="https://www.shareweb.ch/site/EI/Pages/FSD-PcM-Manual.aspx"></a></p></div>

A few years earlier, in 2003, SDC agreed to have a Donor Peer Review which you can download here. The document includes the appreciation of the Review by the Directorate of SDC and the resulting outline of the action plan based on the Review. Do you have any resources that you find of importance and relevance to this network, so please let us know at: <a href="isabelle.dauner@helvetas.org">isabelle.dauner@helvetas.org</a>

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<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>A very brief (2 pages) overview on the topic, explaining the terminology, the constraints and the challenges</p></div>

11 Reasons for the Possible Failure of a Revolving Fund by W. Milligan is a classic in the literature on Revolving Funds and explains reasons, why Revolving Funds, which are set up for the support of small-scale farming and livestock activities, have often failed to be an effective and sustainable support instrument.

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Are public development institutions still crowding out private investment in microfinance?

SDC co-financed the State of Sector Report of the Indian microfinance sector 2008. It presents major trends in the Indian microfinance sector in 2008, Highlighting current issues, investments and innovations.

In 2006, a student of the University of Geneva evaluated the role of the national network of microfinance practitioners of Benin - Alafia (Association Nationale des Praticiens de la Microfinance au Bénin)- in supporting its members through capacity building and other support.

The microfinance institution SafeSave in Bangladesh introduced the palm pilot technology in 2003 in order to reduce its transaction costs and increase its outreach. This case study was carried out by a student of the University of Lugano and analyzes how the palm pilot has changed the life of the staff and the clients of SafeSave in terms of transaction costs, security and confidence.

SDC co-financed the State of Sector Report of the Indian microfinance sector 2007. This is the second of a series of report on the microfinance sector in India, prepared for presentation to the annual Microfinance India conference organized by ACCESS Development Services.

A very useful guide to implement good governance in MFIs, as well as for evaluators of MFIs.

The most comprehensive manual on good practice of SME lending. It includes 13 case studies of improving access to finance for SME.

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>This paper reflects the experience of SDC in supporting leasing to the micro and small enterprise (MSE) sector in Pakistan over the last four years. It also draws on experiences from elsewhere in order to provide points of comparison, but it is essentially based on lessons learned in Pakistan.</p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>SUBTITLE &quot;Guiding principles for donors and governments&quot;. In 2010, SDC published a Project Cycle Management (PCM) handbook for preparing, implementing and evaluating financial sector development projects: A Manual on Managing Cooperation in Financial Sector Development. This paper provides complementary information specific to projects dealing with agricultural and catastrophe insurance (thereafter referred to as &ldquo;ACI&rdquo;). It aims to provide high-level guidance on designing or assessing ACI projects and includes a section on monitoring, too.</p></div>

Reviewing the progress of microinsurance This book looks at recent developments and achievements in microinsurance and considers where the industry stands now. It comes five years after the publication of the first volume of Protecting the Poor: A Microinsurance Compendium.

This technical guide is intended as a practical reference tool to guide IFAD, WFP and other donors’ country programme management staff through the steps of implementing a weather index-based insurance programme. It looks at each phase of the process: from the first step of assessing whether WII is the right method of intervention and is feasible, through developing a pilot, to possible future areas that IFAD, WFP and other donors can support through scaling up. The guide includes background information, explanations and resource recommendations to help inform decision-making.

The Weather Risk Management Facility, a joint undertaking of IFAD and WFP, reviewed a range of recent experiences with index insurance programmes around the world, analysing the key actors, features of the products, and their successes and challenges.

list of references from the Savings and Credit Forum on Agricultural Micro Insurance: Powerful Tool for Vulnerability Reduction of the Poor?

The minutes of the first meeting of the working group on Agricultural Insurance of the Microinsurance Network that was held on November 3, 2009 in Dakar, Senegal.

This note prepared on behalf of the CGAP working group on microinsurance summarises lessons learnt in microinsurance and provides recommendations for donors working in microinsurance on micro, meso and macro level.

This CGAP donor brief gives an overview on how donors can effectively support microinsurance.

This report provides a description of how microinsurance works and a study of microinsurance in the world's 100 poorest countries.

List of references from the Savings and Credit Forum on "Microinsurance: Introduction, case studies, outlook" (30 November 2007)

This is the first Volume (2006) of the Compendium, it aimed to be a "Review of microinsurance operations around the world". A Second Volume followed (2012), you can find it above.

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This guide provides information on institutional rating methodologies in microfinance. It was put together by the Rating Initiative, with contributions from four microfinance rating agencies, namely M-CRIL, MicroRate, MicroFinanza Rating, and Planet Rating. The guide clarifies the difference between microfinance institutional ratings and other ratings such as credit ratings, social ratings, and certifications which are available for MFIs and their investors. It indicates how these ratings can be used. Users of ratings will find technical information in the appendices that will be useful for those that integrate ratings in their investment process.

The study was co-funded by Symbiotics and SDC. The idea for this study emerged from the 2011 annual policy dialogue of Swiss microfinance practitioners with the director of SDC, Ambassador Martin Dahinden, to better understand the role the Swiss private sector plays in expanding responsible financial services to poor households and small businesses in developing and emerging countries in the South and East.

Compilation of relevant references, handed out on the occasion of the Savings & Credit Forum on "Mainstreaming Social Performance in Microfinance - Implementing the Double Bottom Line" on 2 July 2010

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This is a questionnaire that assesses principles, actions and corrective measures implemented by the MFI to achieve its social mission. It is composed of three main elements: 1) the identity of the MFI 2) the institutions’ own social mission and strategy. 3) the organizational processes in the light of four dimensions: a) outreach to the poor and excluded; b) adaptation of services and products to the target clients; c) improvement of the economic and social benefits for the clients and their families; and d) the institution's social responsibility The questionnaire is compatible with the Mix Market reporting and complemented with a guide in English, French and Spanish(see below)

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This operational guide complements the questionnaire aimed at supporting MFIs to assess their social performance. English Version 3.1 (Jan. 2010), French Vérsion 3.0 (to be translated soon), Spanish Versión 3.0 (Nov. 2009)

Client protection is a key issue in microfinance. The Client Protection Principles are a set of global principles aimed at ensuring microfinance clients are treated fairly and responsibly and do not become over-indebted. This Guide offers simple and straightforward guidance and tools for investors seeking to incorporate the Principles into their investment processes. It was compiled by CGAP, drawing on contributions from across the microfinance investor community.

This presentation outlines the link between social and financial performance by means of an empirical study using data from Cerise and INCOFIN. The presentation concludes that although poverty targeting can be costly, other social performance dimensions have positive effects on financial performance.

Microfinance is driven by two objectives, social and financial: This brief analyses the relationship between these two objectives: is strong social performance a business asset, an unproductive expense, or a fashionable term with no effect on financial viability? The analysis is based on social and financial data from 126 MFIs (data on SPI audit tool and financial performance of a representative range of MFIs worldwide).

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This publication of the European Microfinance Platform (e-MFP)discusses the role investors can play in introducing social performance. The publication was prepared by the Social Performance Working Group of e-MFP, and is partly based on a workshop for Microfinance Investment Vehicles (MIV) organised by SDC in Bern in March 2007. The French copy contains only the part on the MIV workshop - La copie française ne contient que les conclusions du séminare sur la pérformance sociale de mars 2007 à Berne.

This note presents all important concepts of social performance of microfinance institutions: definitions; benefits of social performance management; a presentation of social performance assessment approaches, including the presentation of 10 tools of poverty assessment/social performance management; the description of different social rating approaches. The publication contains boxes with case studies.

This glossary defines key terms, concepts and best practice principles in social performance of microfinance institutions.The terms and definitions in the glossary are listed alphabetically. They are also listed by category at the back of the glossary.

This paper summarises the results of different initiatives in social performance and presents a common framework.

This Social Performance Standards Report was created by MIX to collect information on the 22 core indicators selected by The Social Performance Task Force. Part I of the report contains 13 indicators which mainly focus on an MFI's mission, products and services offered, social responsibility to clients and to staff, and clients outreach. Part II contains 6 indicators which focus on employment outreach, social responsibility to community and to environment, and children education. Finally, the table for poverty measurement contains the remaining 3 indicators on poverty levels. MFIs that want to update their profile on MIX Market with the social performance indicators are expected to be able to report information on the 13 indicators contained in Part I of the report. Finally, a glossary has been created to link those indicators which are most difficult to conceptualize and conform to a standard definition. <a href="">[fr]</a><a href="">[es]</a>

This synthesis looks at rural finance based on 5 points, from the supply and the demand sides to what is needed, including the framework conditions and the aspects to be considered. In the 70s and 80s, the government-owned development banks and some projects offered loans. Today, agricultural credit is usually related to cash crop production. The demand of rural households for financial services includes both farm and non-farm activities. The regulatory framework as well as government supervision have to take into account the specific liquidity requirements in remote areas, the problems of communication, risks, seasonality and social links in place.

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2nd edition - The second edition of this handbook includes the feedback and suggestions made by microinsurance practioners and experts, as well details on index-based and Takaful insurance. It summarises key principles and indicators for microinsurance providers. The handbook describes nine principles and ten key indicators, as well as the considerations to be given in evaluating performance for certain products. It also introduces benchmarking and explores the topic of social performance.

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<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>These guidelines provide guidance for donors promoting financial inclusion or pro-poor financial services markets as part of their development mandate. The target audience includes multilateral and bilateral donors, development finance institutions, and foundations. CGAP (2015)</p><p>SDC is a member of CGAP.</p></div>

Working Paper by Center for Microfinance (University of Zurich)

Center for Microfinance, University of Zuerich Working Paper Series, No. 01-2015 March 4 2015

Center for Microfinance, University of Zurich: Working Paper Series No. 02, 2015

Center for Microfinance, University of Zurich: Working Paper Series No. 03, 2015

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We are happy to share the 10 years report on Index-Based Livestock insurance project (IBLIP).

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Project 7F08449 GIF

The Aspen Network of Development Entrepreneurs (ANDE), in partnership with the Latin American Private Equity & Venture Capital Association (LAVCA), and LGT Impact Ventures has released a report on the growing landscape of impact investing in Latin America. Impact investing is a relatively nascent industry, and this report aims to fill the data gap in key Latin American markets. The report covers trends in regional impact investing with a focus on impact measurement, talent, and gender. It explores fundraising, deals, and exits, and takes a deep dive into impact investing in Brazil, Colombia, and Mexico.

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This thematic guidance sheet is one of a series written to support SDC staff in ensuring that gender issues are taken into account transversally in different thematic domains – in this case, focusing on market systems development (MSD). It outlines key gender issues regarding women’s economic empowerment in MSD and how these can be integrated in the design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of cooperation strategies and project interventions. Some existing familiarity with MSD terminology is assumed.

GIF es una iniciativa que busca contribuir en la mejora de la gobernanza de instituciones queatienden a poblaciones vulnerables y de bajos ingresos en ALC.

Summary of the&nbsp;Face-to-Face (F2F) for the e+i professionals of the Western Balkan (WBA) Region in Prishtina, Kosovo from 20 – 23 September 2016.

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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;; font-size: 10pt;"><font style="font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;; font-size: 10pt;" color="#000000">The Global Programme Food Security and the Employment and Income Focal Point are pleased to share this Global Brief on “Agricultural Insurance: offering hope forthe future to smallholder farmers”. <o:p style="font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;; font-size: 10pt;"></o:p></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><i><span style="font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p><font size="2" color="#000000">&nbsp;</font></o:p></span></i><i><span style="font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;; font-size: 10pt;"><font color="#000000">For smallholder farmers in developing countries, extreme weather events, such as droughts or floods, can cause substantial losses and jeopardize their livelihoods. Supporting insurance schemes for smallholder farmers means offering them the possibility to manage the many risks confronting them more effectively, protecting their investments and increasing their resilience.</font></span></i></p>

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<span class="title h3">Moving the Needle</span>Critical Success Factors for Scaling Innovation in Asset Finance for Small and Growing Agribusinesses.<br>With case studies from Kenya, Guatemala and India.<br>The investment opportunity in agribusiness assets in emerging economies runs into the billions of dollars. The social and environmental benefits that can be gained by reducing food losses, increasing employment and enterprise sustainability, as well as empowering women and rural communities, are equally significant.

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>The second edition of the Impact Evaluation in Practice handbook is a comprehensive and accessible introduction to impact evaluation for policy makers and development practitioners. First published in 2011, it has been used widely across the development and academic communities. The book incorporates real-world examples to present practical guidelines for designing and implementing impact evaluations. Readers will gain an understanding of impact evaluations and the best ways to use them to design evidence-based policies and programs. The updated version covers the newest techniques for evaluating programs and includes state-of-the-art implementation advice, as well as an expanded set of examples and case studies that draw on recent development challenges. It also includes new material on research ethics and partnerships to conduct impact evaluation. The handbook is divided into four sections: Part One discusses what to evaluate and why; Part Two presents the main impact evaluation methods; Part Three addresses how to manage impact evaluations; Part Four reviews impact evaluation sampling and data collection. Case studies illustrate different applications of impact evaluations. The book links to complementary instructional material available online, including an applied case as well as questions and answers. The updated second edition will be a valuable resource for the international development community, universities, and policy makers looking to build better evidence around what works in development.</p></div>

<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">This blog, initiated by HELVETAS Swiss Intercooperation,&nbsp;discusses an experience from Bangladesh on addressing financial inclusion of poor and disadvantaged women and men. The experience shows that while the business model of microfinance institutions gave access tocredits to millions of users, this didn’t address, as discussed below, critical issues of financial inclusion.</span> <a href="http://blog.helvetas.org/beyond-credits-financial-inclusion-in-bangladesh/" target="_blank">Please share your insights and opinions</a>. <o:p></o:p></p>

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Ein Orientierungswerk zu den Themen Philanthropie (Philantrophy), Venture Philanthropie, Impact Investing sowie Responsible Investing. Insbesondere soll das Handbuch dazu beitragen, gemeinnützigen Organisationen die verschiedenen Wirkungsmöglichkeiten ihrer Mittelverwendung als auch ihrer Mittelbeschaffung aufzuzeigen.

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<p>A Legal Road Map for Social Impact Bonds in Developing Countries looks at Social&nbsp;Impact Bonds (SIBs); a financial mechanism that enables investors to pay for a set of&nbsp;interventions to improve a social outcome in collaboration with the government.</p><p>The SIB&nbsp;model presents a rare opportunity for the private sector to work with governments to&nbsp;fund essential social programmes that address the community’s needs. The innovation&nbsp;of the bond is in the repayment – investors are only repaid if and when the social outcomes, such as reducing homelessness or prisoner rehabilitation, are achieved.</p>

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<p>‘The Swiss Confederation - a brief guide' contains information about Switzerland's political system, the administration and its judicial authorities. In addition to explaining the workings of the state it also provides an insight into the activities of the Federal Administration.</p><p>The Department of Foreign Affairs and its activities&nbsp;are presented on page 45 et seq.</p>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p><span lang="EN-GB" style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;'>This case study outlines the experience of the FinMark Trust, an organisation formed in 2002 to address the problem of access to financial services. FinMark saw the solution to improved access as engaging better functioning financial markets &ndash; with &ldquo;making (financial) markets work for the poor&rdquo; (M4P) &ndash; and this has been the focus of their work. Their initial experience indicates considerable success, with potentially major implications for financial services interventions globally.&nbsp;</span></p></div>

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<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage">Back in 2004, the SDC published the first version of Mobilising savings&ndash; Key Issues and Good Practices in Promoting Savings. The document provided an overview of the needs and demands of low-income households for savings services, as well as savings mobilisation from the perspective of a financial institution and the regulatory financial authorities in developing and transition countries. It was conceived as a tool for SDC staff and partners as well as for all other persons involved in the promotion of savings services by financial institutions.</div><div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><br></div><div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage">This publication was updated in 2018, showing the progress of the topic since 2004, providing a deeper insight on new trends and highlighting once again the importance of mobilising savings. The Savings &amp; Credit Forum on formal saving services held in September 2017 also revived the discussion on savings, from which insights fed into this document.</div><div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><br></div><div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage">The below versions in Spanish and French are still the ones from 2004.&nbsp;</div>

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<p><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; word-spacing: 2px;">Financial inclusion ensures the ease of access, availability and usage of formal and informal financial products and services for all members of a society. It is widely acknowledged that financial inclusion can effectively address the bottlenecks that prevent poor women (and men) from reaching their potential. Enabling disadvantaged women to benefit from financial inclusion has been more challenging, particularly in communities dominated by powerful middlemen where women have marginal roles and restricted rights. This is what the Livelihood Hindukush Programme (LPH) in Islampur valley of District Swat, Pakistan tried to sustainably address. &gt;&gt;<a href="http://blog.helvetas.org/unlocking-the-potential-for-women-through-islamic-finance-in-pakistan/" target="_blank">read entire blog post&nbsp;</a></span><br></p>

<p>A compendium of technical notes and cases studies.</p><p>Published by IFC,&nbsp;GIZ and WWB. The compendium comprises of three parts: </p><ul><li>Part 1: The Industry Perspective</li><li>Part 2: Government Stakeholder Perspectives</li><li>Part 3: Case Studies</li></ul>

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<p>Why and how formal savings services matter to low-income and vulnerable households<br></p>

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<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><div><span style="letter-spacing: 0.4px;">In this blog post, the authors unpack what impact investment entails and look into its relevance for sustainably financing development initiatives.&nbsp;</span>Looking back at the 1980s and 1990s: private investors often avoided developing country markets and did so for reasons &ndash; returns were too low especially for the level of risks; markets were not safe and attractive; and local investment climates were stifling and challenging.<br>Quick forward: new initiatives, in particular since 2007, have emerged to mitigate risks in investment while also leading to a significant and measurable improvement in the livelihoods of poor and disadvantaged women and men. Acclaimed as a &ldquo;new frontier&rdquo; in development finance, .. <a href="http://blog.helvetas.org/unpacking-impact-investment-what-its-and-why-its-relevant/" target="_blank">&gt;&gt;more&nbsp;</a></div></div>

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<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>List of references - publications and websites</p></div>

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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10.5pt;line-height: 107%;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,sans-serif;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">This update brings together key findings from recent original studies on constraints and solutions to women’s economic empowerment (WEE), as well as the social and economic benefits of WEE.</span>

Weather index insurance has often been hailed as a blessing for smallholder farmers to cope with climate shocks. These expectations were overblown. Generally, farmers’ uptake of index insurance remains low. But this does not mean that there is no potential. Research from Kenya shows that better tailoring index insurance to smallholder conditions could increase uptake with significantly positive effects for agricultural development.

On the ocassion of&nbsp;<span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: DE-CH; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;'>International Women's Day 2018 the Microfinance Gateway has put togehter a g</span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">uide to their most recent library resources on digital financial services for women, policies for promoting women's financial inclusion, reviews of impact evaluations on women's empowerment initiatives, and client research on what women really want from their financial service providers.</span>

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<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>Case study on Financial Education from SCBF.</p></div>

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<span style='margin: 0px; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;'><b>do </b><strong><span style='margin: 0px; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;'>emerging customers want covered</span></strong> and <strong><span style='margin: 0px; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;'>what type of insurance</span></strong> product are they looking for? <strong><span style='margin: 0px; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;'>How is technology helping</span></strong> to address their needs?<br> &nbsp;<br> In its latest publication, <strong><span style='margin: 0px; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;'>AXA</span></strong> <strong><span style='margin: 0px; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;'>looks at the customer, the insurer and the result</span></strong> of <strong><span style='margin: 0px; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;'>combining new data processing methods</span></strong>, <strong><span style='margin: 0px; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;'>breakthrough technology</span></strong>, such as blockchain, <strong><span style='margin: 0px; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;'>and innovative insurance models</span></strong> to respond to the needs of new customers. The launch of <em><b><span style='margin: 0px; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;'>fizzy</span></b></em>, a <strong><span style='margin: 0px; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;'>live retail product</span></strong>, which <strong><span style='margin: 0px; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;'>combines the parametric approach and blockchain</span></strong> may end up <strong><span style='margin: 0px; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;'>transforming how customers interact with the insurance sector.&nbsp;</span></strong></span>

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<p>Our colleague Zenebe Uraguchi (HELVETAS Swiss Intercooperation) has edited this book together with his colleague Essam Mohammed (IIED, London).&nbsp;</p><p><span style="font-size: 1.1em; letter-spacing: 0.4px;">The key objective of the book is to provide practical case studies of financial inclusion, rather than focus on academic debates such as the ideological basis of promoting microfinance. Using the recently adopted Sustainable Development Goals as an overall framing of the issues, it shows how poor and disadvantaged women and men can be bankable if the right facilitation for maximizing opportunities and addressing constraints are in place.</span><br></p><p><span style="font-size: 1.1em; letter-spacing: 0.4px;">&gt;&gt; read <a href="https://www.routledge.com/Financial-Inclusion-for-Poverty-Alleviation-Issues-and-Case-Studies-for/Mohammed-Uraguchi/p/book/9781138102767" target="_blank">more </a>and have a look at the table of contents&nbsp;</span><br></p><p><span style="font-size: 1.1em; letter-spacing: 0.4px;">&gt;&gt; or read the blog post:&nbsp; "</span><font color="#519aa1"><span style="font-size: 15.73px;"><u>We wrote a book and this is what we learnt about financial inclusion"</u></span></font><span style="font-size: 1.1em; letter-spacing: 0.4px;">&nbsp;by Zenebe himself, giving the major findings of their book.</span></p><p><br></p>

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This learning brief proposes the application of the market systems approach to support the development of a well-functioning system where Savings Groups effectively reach all those who seek participation. Equally important, this paper proposes an agenda for sector stakeholders moving forward, envisaging a new role for development agencies through active coordination and proactive experimentation in the formation and operations of Savings Groups.

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage">Slides form Urs Gr&ouml;hbiel about eVET.</div>

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<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>This compendium identifies how digital financial inclusion can ignite faster progress toward the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and create long-lasting social and economic impact for millions of people worldwide. If you are a decision-maker in government, business, or civil society this compendium could be of interest for you. It helps to make digital financial inclusion a priority, whether it is allocating financing to build digital infrastructure, digitizing your payments, or passing regulations to ensure digital financial services can be used by everyone.</p><p>Inclusive digital financial services refer to mobile money, online accounts, electronic payments, insurance and credit, combinations of them and newer fintech apps, that reach people who were formerly excluded. Digital financial inclusion, when provided responsibly and sustainably in a well- regulated environment, not only drives growth, but also enables faster progress toward many of the other SDGs, as this compendium shows.</p></div>

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<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage"><p>Short online article on the micro insurance network website, including interesting and relevant links.&nbsp;</p></div>

<div class="toAlignListElmntOnPage">Short online article on the micro insurance network website, including interesting and relevant links.</div>